The 125I radioactive particle implantation technique is an inter-tissue implantation radiotherapy, which was developed in the 1970s and was early used in the treatment of prostate cancer, a solid tumor, as one of the standards of treatment for prostate cancer. In 243 prostate cancer patients treated with particle implantation and followed up for at least 5 years, it was found that for low-risk prostate cancer patients treated with adequate amount of particle implantation, the percentage of patients without biochemical deterioration within 8 years was 94%. With the increasing use of ultrasound and CT intraoperative localization technology, this technology has been applied to the treatment of lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, intracranial tumors and other tumors. The 125I radioactive particle is a sealed solid-state radiation source. The outer shell is a 4.5mm long, 0.8mm outside diameter titanium tube, and the core material is 0.5×3mm silver wire, which is coated with 125I isotope. The 125I particles are tested in accordance with the requirements of sealed radioactive source classification and meet the standards of temperature level 5, pressure level 3 and impact level 2. 125I radioactive particles have a half-life of 59.6 days and mainly emit photon energies of 27.4keV and 31.4keV X-rays and 35.5keV γ-rays, which are low-energy radiation. The effective cellular tissue treatment radius is 17 mm. As the incidence of spinal metastases increases year by year, the treatment modalities are becoming more and more refined, from simple surgery to comprehensive treatment, i.e. open surgery, minimally invasive surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with comprehensive individualized treatment. In recent years, most investigators have introduced 125I radioactive particle implantation into the treatment of spinal metastases. The pain relief rate was 83.2% with CT-guided percutaneous puncture implantation of 125I radioactive particles for spinal metastases. 125I radioactive particle therapy for spinal metastases involves multidisciplinary cooperation, and the method of particle implantation, layout design, surgical approach and postoperative complication management are closely related to the treatment success rate, but clinicians’ treatment still lacks clear and scientific standards, and the cooperation bridge between disciplines has not yet been established. However, the lack of clear and scientific standards for clinicians’ treatment and the lack of cooperative bridges between disciplines have become bottlenecks that limit the development and application of this technology and need to be solved.