Trachoma is a chronic infectious conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, which is named because of its rough and uneven appearance on the conjunctival surface of the lid, resembling grains of sand. Trachoma has a high rate of misdiagnosis and is generally difficult to determine based on clinical manifestations alone, as acute conjunctivitis, follicular conjunctivitis, and allergic conjunctivitis can have symptoms similar to trachoma, such as foreign body sensation, eye redness, grinding pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and mucous discharge, and require slit lamp examination or laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis. 1. The upper fornix and upper lid conjunctiva are vascularly congested, with typical lid conjunctival papillary hyperplasia and follicle formation; 2. Scarring of the upper fornix or upper lid conjunctiva; 3. Corneal vascular opacification is seen using slit lamp examination; 4. Trachoma inclusion bodies are seen on conjunctival scraping; 5. Trachoma pathogens are identified by immunological testing for Chlamydia trachomatis antigens. Second, the treatment of trachoma Implementation of antibiotic therapy and control of infection and complications is the main measure of clinical treatment of trachoma, specific treatment methods are as follows: 1, antibiotic therapy: rifampin, tetracycline, erythromycin, etc. are the traditional treatment of trachoma drugs, eye drops or eye ointment can be used to relieve eye inflammation. Patients with acute or severe trachoma need systemic antibiotic treatment. Adults can take oral tetracycline, doxycycline or azithromycin under the guidance of a doctor. Tetracycline is contraindicated in pregnant women, lactating women and children under 7 years old, and erythromycin or spiramycin can be taken. 2. Treatment of complications: for example, if the lid is entropion and impingement, correction of entropion and impingement or electrolysis of hair follicles can be used; for chronic dacryocystitis, nasal lacrimal sac anastomosis can be performed; for corneal clouding, corneal transplantation can be performed.