The mortality rate of liver cancer is very high, with patients surviving for 8 months in most cases, and the survival rates of 1 and 3 years are 20% and 5%, respectively. Many liver cancer patients have metastases at the time of diagnosis, or have portal vein cancer emboli that prevent complete removal of the tumor, or, even if the tumor is surgically removed, recurrence or metastases occur soon after surgery. This illustrates that liver cancer is actually a systemic disease to some extent, and the importance of systemic drug therapy. Unfortunately, the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy for liver cancer is very low, barely exceeding 20%. No conventional chemotherapeutic agent has been conclusively shown to prolong the survival of patients with liver cancer. One of the reasons is that liver cancer itself is relatively insensitive to chemotherapy drugs, unlike hematologic tumors that are sensitive to chemotherapy drugs. The second reason is that traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are poorly selective, and any tissues that proliferate rapidly are vulnerable to damage by chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, many patients are very desperate and think they are hopeless after a series of invasive treatments such as surgery, intervention, radiofrequency, etc. and recurrence or disease progression again. However, in fact, there are still many major breakthroughs in the field of liver cancer in recent years, and many new drugs have emerged: I. Sorafenib: the only targeted drug that has been successfully marketed So far, sorafenib is still the only molecular targeted therapy drug that has achieved positive efficacy for patients with inoperable and distant metastatic advanced liver cancer, and has been marketed in Europe, the United States and China. Phase III clinical trials have shown that sorafenib can prolong the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Other molecularly targeted drugs, such as erlotinib, which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor of cancer cells, and monoclonal antibodies against VEGF, a vascular endothelial growth factor that targets tumor angiogenesis, have entered phase II clinical trials, and preliminary results have also shown effectiveness in hepatocellular cancer. However, the signaling of tumor cells is a complex network system, and targeting a single target is often not sufficient to contain the tumor, and multi-target therapy is needed to combine drugs with different pathways and mechanisms of action. For example, sorafenib combined with anti-angiogenic drugs (bevacizumab, recombinant human vascular endothelial inhibitor and thalidomide) or EGFR inhibitors (cetuximab and nitrozumab), or sorafenib combined with chemotherapy drugs (fluorouracil, tegafur, capecitabine, oxaliplatin + gemcitabine, oxaliplatin + capecitabine, etc.) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the optimal usage, dosage and duration of treatment need to be clarified through standardized clinical studies. II. PD-1 antibody In this clinical study, 75% of patients who had received systemic therapy or targeted therapy had failed. Patients who were desperate chose to participate in the clinical trial of PD-1 antibody and received intravenous treatment with nivolumab once every two weeks. Of the final 42 patients with evaluable liver cancer, eight (19%) patients achieved remission (tumor shrinkage of 30% or more) after treatment with nivolumab. Four of these patients achieved sustained remission at 12 months. The overall survival rate at one year was 62%. Stable disease was seen in 48% of patients for up to 17 months. Moreover, Nivolumab was safe and well tolerated, even in patients with HBV and HCV infection. This is indeed a very encouraging result. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who have failed chemotherapy, have failed targeted drug therapy, continue to have progressive disease, and are in a good financial situation themselves, may consider PD-1 monoclonal antibody therapy.