The diagnostic criteria for rheumatic fever in children are generally based on the Jones criteria revised in 1992, which include the following: 1. The patient should have one or two of the clinical manifestations of cardiac inflammation, polyarthritis, chorea, erythema annulare, and subcutaneous nodules; 2. More minor manifestations, such as joint pain, fever, and increased laboratory sedimentation and C-reactive protein; 3. Evidence of antecedent streptococcal infection, such as The streptococcus is cultured by pharyngeal swab culture, or the potency of anti-O test is significantly elevated. When there are two major manifestations above, or one major manifestation plus two minor manifestations, it is highly suggestive of acute rheumatic fever. However, this criterion is not completely relied upon. Acute rheumatic fever can be diagnosed in the following three cases when no other cause is found, such as chorea as the only clinical manifestation, insidious onset, slow-onset cardiac inflammation, or a history of rheumatic fever, and rheumatic heart disease reappears.