If the patient has a history of pharyngitis, palatal tonsillitis, hemolytic streptococcal infection, followed by heart murmur due to heart inflammation, increased heart rate, pericarditis, or even congestive heart failure, and wandering joint inflammation, chorea, annular erythema, and subcutaneous nodules. Clinical tests include increased blood sedimentation, positive C-reactive protein, increased hemolytic streptococcal hemolysin “O” and increased white blood cells, which can confirm the diagnosis of rheumatic fever. 1. For those with atypical clinical manifestations, the diagnosis can be based on the Jones diagnostic criteria revised by the American Heart Association in 1984 as follows. Main criteria: ① cardiac inflammation, ② polyarthritis, ③ chorea, ④ annular erythema. ⑤ Subcutaneous nodules. Secondary criteria: ① previous rheumatic fever or rheumatic disease, ② arthralgia, ③ fever, ④ increased sedimentation, ⑤ positive C-reactive protein, ⑥ increased titer of hemolytic streptococcal hemolysin “O”, ⑦ positive throat swab culture for hemolytic streptococci, ⑧ recent scarlet fever, ⑨ increased white blood cells. If the patient has the basis of type B hemolytic streptococcal infection before the disease, and there are two major criteria, or one major criterion plus two minor criteria, the possibility of the existence of acute rheumatic fever should be considered. 2.How to treat and prevent rheumatic fever? Rheumatic fever is a systemic disease prone to recurrent attacks, mainly involving collagen fibers of connective tissue and stromal non-suppurative inflammation, characterized by rheumatic nodules, mainly invading the heart, joints, skin and brain tissue. Its impact on the heart is related to the degree and number of invasions. At present, there are more than 2 million people with rheumatic heart disease in China, and tens of thousands of patients are operated on every year, and billions of dollars are spent on medical treatment. Therefore, how to prevent and control rheumatic fever and reduce the incidence of rheumatic heart disease is a major issue related to the people’s livelihood of the country. The number of people with rheumatic heart disease in economically developed countries is significantly lower than that in China, which means that the disease can still be controlled as long as the prevention and control measures are effective. At present, many cases of rheumatic fever in China lack a typical medical history, and there is a tendency for the age of onset to gradually increase. The treatment principles of rheumatic fever are as follows. (1) General treatment: including absolute bed rest during the acute period until 1 month after the rheumatic activity is controlled, and gradually increase the amount of activity. Pay attention to warmth and cold and humidity prevention, etc. Give a high-calorie diet and supplement sufficient protein as well as various essential vitamins. (2) Drug therapy: It includes two parts: antibacterial therapy and anti-rheumatic therapy. Antimicrobial therapy is preferred to penicillin, which is injected once a day at 800,000 to 1.2 million units at the beginning for at least 2 weeks, and later can be changed to once a week at 1.2 million units, and then once a month at 1.2 million units for at least 5 to 10 years of preventive injection. For patients with existing rheumatic heart disease, the duration of prophylaxis is longer. For those who are allergic to penicillin, treatment can be changed to oral erythromycin, 0,25 g ~ 0,5 g, 4 times a day. In case of recurrent purulent tonsillitis, the tonsils should be surgically removed. Anti-rheumatic treatment can be done with salicylates, the most commonly used drug is aspirin, 3 g to 6 g daily, which mainly inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, inhibits vasodilation and increases capillary permeability to achieve anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects. Aspirin also has a stabilizing effect on lysosomes and reduces the formation of inflammatory transmitters. Patients with rheumatic fever with cardiac inflammation can be treated with adrenal glucocorticoids if they are not well controlled by the above drugs. No matter what kind of drug treatment is used, it must be gradually reduced after rheumatic fever is controlled to avoid recurrence of the disease after sudden drug reduction. (3) Preventive treatment: For those with fever, sore throat, congested pharynx, and discharge from palatine tonsils, pharyngeal swab culture should be done to clarify the presence of hemolytic streptococcal infection, and once diagnosed, immediate treatment with penicillin. And should be treated continuously for more than 2 weeks. (4) Using Chinese medicine: Rheumatic fever is clinically manifested as arthritis and heart inflammation, which belongs to paralysis according to the Chinese medicine dialectic, that is, the meaning of impassability, and can be well treated by using Chinese medicine.