During long-term hemodialysis, a large amount of protein, amino acids, vitamins and trace elements will be lost, which needs to be supplemented by appropriate diet. In general, patients should choose high-protein and high-calorie food, and appropriately limit the intake of fat and potassium, sodium and phosphorus. The variety of diet can be relaxed from monotonous and boring to the range of diet close to normal, but also according to the patient’s residual renal function, urine volume and hemodialysis interval and other specific circumstances, comprehensive consideration of the dietary program. (1) Sufficient calories should be obtained from the diet to ensure sufficient calories to prevent the consumption of own protein. Generally, the daily kilogram body weight supply of calories is 126-188 kJ, which can also be increased appropriately in case of severe wasting, infection or surgical trauma. The main source of calories should be moderate amount of sugar, and the intake of fat can be appropriately limited and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids can be increased. (2) Supplementation of adequate protein in the process of dialysis. The human body loses some amino acids, peptides and a small amount of blood, which can cause protein deficiency in the body. Therefore, protein supplementation is very important. Patients on dialysis twice a week should have a daily protein intake of not less than 7 grams per kilogram of body weight; patients on dialysis three times a week should have a daily protein intake of not less than 9 grams per kilogram of body weight. Specifically for a patient, it can be flexible according to his age, degree of catabolism, his original nutritional status, dialyzer type and dialysis time. If the urine is found to be high in protein, it should be supplemented according to the amount of protein lost in the urine, and high quality protein foods such as eggs, milk, lean meat, chicken and fish can be used. Furthermore, for patients with low urine, high blood potassium or low dialysis frequency, potassium intake should be limited, and foods with high potassium content such as fruits, tea, chocolate, cocoa and vegetable soup should be consumed as little as possible. Patients who develop hypertension or hypertension that is not easily controlled, or who have reduced cardiac function, or who have water and sodium retention, or who have little urine after dialysis should limit sodium intake in their diet.