Cervical cancer, also known as cervical cancer, is a malignant tumor that often occurs at the junction of squamous epithelial cells of the uterine cervix and columnar epithelial cells of the endocervical canal.
In the early stage, cervical cancer may have no symptoms, or only superficial erosion may be seen during vaginal examination, or general chronic inflammation such as a small amount of leukorrhea; in the middle stage, there are often increased leukorrhea, fishy odor, irregular vaginal bleeding, persistent pain in the sacral tail, buttocks and thighs, and urination and defecation disorders may appear when the bladder and rectum are infiltrated.
Where does cervical cancer occur? Does the occurrence of cervical cancer account for the first place among gynecological tumors?
The vagina is connected to the outside of the body and the uterus is on the cervix. Cervical cancer occurs at the location of the cervix and further development will spread to other places.
It ranks second after breast cancer among the most common gynecological tumors. There are about 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer worldwide every year, 80% of which occur in developing countries, and China accounts for 130,000, or about 1/3.
Do cervical precancerous lesions have any symptoms?
1. bleeding after sex. 70%-80% of cervical cancer patients have this symptom
2.Cervical erosion. Young women with cervical erosion left untreated for a long time or still have cervical erosion after menopause should be taken seriously.
3. contact bleeding, bleeding after sex, or uterine bleeding after gynecological internal examination are signs of precancerous cervical lesions.
4. mixed bleeding in the leucorrhea. Except for uterine bleeding caused by IUD, women with long-term mixed bleeding in the leucorrhea should be examined promptly.
What are the methods to screen and confirm the diagnosis of cervical cancer?
Based on medical history and clinical manifestations, especially those with contact bleeding, the possibility of cervical cancer should be thought of, and detailed general examination and gynecological examination should be done, and the following auxiliary examinations should be used.
①Cervical cytology examination.
②Iodine test.
③ cervical and cervical canal biopsy.
④ colposcopy.
⑤ conical hysterectomy.
At what age are women susceptible to cervical cancer?
Women between the ages of 20 and 70 can get cervical cancer, and the most common age is 40-50. Fewer women get cervical cancer before the age of 20, but in recent years, there is an increasing trend of younger women getting cervical cancer.
What is the current cure rate of cervical cancer?
After curing cervical cancer, the recovery rate is generally better, mainly depending on the stage of cervical cancer, which is quite good after in situ cancer is detected, with a five-year survival rate of up to 100%, while the five-year survival rate of intermediate stage is about 70-80%, and the five-year survival rate of advanced stage is only about 30-50%. Therefore, as long as cervical cancer is detected early and diagnosed early, the treatment outcome is quite good.
What treatment measures are available for cervical cancer?
Surgery (extensive hysterectomy + pelvic lymph node dissection) is available for early stage patients, while radiation therapy is available for those with middle and late stage or contraindicated to surgery, and some patients need to undergo combined surgery and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy is mainly used for patients with advanced stage or recurrent metastasis, or as adjuvant treatment to surgery or radiotherapy.
Do I have to have my uterus removed for cervical cancer?
Not necessarily. For patients with early stage cervical cancer who require preservation of fertility, conical hysterectomy or extensive cervical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection are feasible.
What are the symptoms of recurrence of cervical cancer?
The main symptoms of recurrent cervical cancer are pain in one lower limb, abdominal and pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding and foul-smelling leucorrhea. Other manifestations vary with the site of recurrence, such as cough, chest pain, hematuria, rectal bleeding, etc.
Prevention of HPV infection = prevention of cervical cancer?
HPV (human papilloma virus, Human PaoillomaVirus) is a necessary factor in causing cervical cancer. Without HPV infection, cervical cancer almost never occurs. At present, humans still lack a definitive approach to HPV. The HPV vaccine under development is the most promising means of prevention and treatment, but only a preventive vaccine is available; a therapeutic vaccine has not yet reached the clinical trial stage.
Does HPV infection necessarily lead to cervical lesions?
HPV infection does not necessarily lead to cervical lesions, as is the case with hepatitis B. HPV infection is very common and is asymptomatic, but only persistent HPV infection leads to precancerous lesions (CIN) or cervical cancer.
So far, there is no clear and effective medicine for HPV virus. However, HPV virus is as common as a cold virus. Most of them can be cleared automatically if the body has good immunity. So there is no need to panic if you are infected with HPV, but if you continue to be infected, you will need regular follow up and monitoring.
How is the HPV virus transmitted?
HPV can be transmitted through saliva, sexual contact and skin-to-skin contact. Even condoms are not effective in preventing the spread of HPV because the virus can survive in any area around the anus and genitals, including areas not covered by condoms, and can live for years.