Male infertility is a combination of multiple causes of abnormalities in the male internal and external genitalia and gonadal axis at different levels, ultimately manifesting as a decline or loss of male fertility, so it is impossible to have a specific drug or method that can cure male infertility of different etiologies. The current clinical methods that have some efficacy are: 1. Immunotherapy: for immunological etiology, surgical removal of lesions and/or immunosuppressive methods have some efficacy. 2. Treatment of male sexual dysfunction: It has been described in the chapter of male sexual dysfunction. Endocrine therapy: bromocriptan for hyperprolactinism, HCG and HMG combined for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, clomiphene, tamoxifen for oligospermia, and androgen therapy. 4. Treatment of male paraphilic gonads and inflammation of the reproductive tract. 5. surgical treatment: for obstructive azoospermia, epididymal vas deferens, vas deferens with lesions, including various methods of vas deferens anastomosis, artificial seminal vesicles. 6. Assisted reproductive technology: (1) AIH applies various physical and chemical techniques to treat semen to improve sperm fertility and perform husband-seminal artificial insemination. (2) Artificial insemination with mixed sperm and artificial insemination with donor sperm, which involves ethical and legal issues and should be used with caution. (3) In vitro fertilization, embryo transfer techniques, (first generation IVF) IVF-ET. (4) Gamete (egg and sperm) transfer techniques. (5)
Sperm microinjection (ICSI) (second generation IVF), the first generation, the second generation of IVF in eugenics there are still issues to be solved, can not yet promote the popularization, if the popularization of pre-embryo transfer genetic diagnosis (PGD) technology, IVF, ICSI technology will have broad prospects.