Hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) was first described in The Lancet in 1971, and is thought to be a glomerulonephritis mediated by immune complexes composed of antigens and antibodies to the hepatitis B virus. In China and Asia, where hepatitis B is endemic and the hepatitis B surface antigen positivity rate has been as high as 10%, it is necessary to differentiate between hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis or hepatitis B virus infection combined with non-hepatitis B virus-associated nephropathy in hepatitis B virus-infected patients who present with glomerulonephritis. In 1989, the Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine Beijing HBV-GN Symposium criteria were promulgated: Hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis was defined as: (1) serum HBV antigen positivity; (2) glomerulonephritis, and secondary glomerulonephritis such as lupus nephritis could be excluded; and (3) HBV antigen was found in the renal tissue section, of which the third one was the most basic condition. 2012: Global Kidney Disease Prognosis Improvement Organization ( KDIGO Chapter 9: Infection-related glomerulonephritis) published guidelines for the treatment of glomerulonephritis, in which Chapter 9, Infection-related glomerulonephritis, describes hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis as follows: HBV-GN includes membranous nephropathy ( MN), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), focal segmental sclerosis (FSGS), and IgA nephropathy. The most common type of pathology in children with HBV-GN is membranous nephropathy.The diagnosis of HBV-GN requires that the virus be measured in the blood and that other causes of glomerulonephritis have been ruled out. Note that this diagnostic criterion does not emphasize the detection of viral antigen deposition in kidney tissue! In China, a relaxation of the diagnostic criteria for hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis would lead to an over-incidence of HBV-GN, which in fact encompasses HBV infection in combination with non-HBV-associated glomerulonephritis. Although there is no better way to distinguish between these two conditions, the clinical practice still adheres to the Beijing symposium criteria for the diagnosis of HBV-GN; however, antiviral therapy is advocated for virus-positive patients, regardless of whether they are HBV-GN. Sometimes, antiviral therapy alone will result in negative proteinuria.