If the varicocele is combined with scrotal discomfort and/or at least one abnormal semen parameter, and other causes are excluded, then surgery should be considered, and surgery is not recommended for subclinical varicocele. 1. Q: Is varicocele always the cause of infertility or scrotal discomfort? Not necessarily, but if other common causes are excluded, 60-70% may be. 2.Q: Is surgery always effective? The effectiveness rate is usually about 60-70%, and the world famous master, the pregnancy rate is only close to 70% two years after the surgery. This is often not that the surgery itself is not successful, but sometimes varicocele is not the cause, and it is difficult to clarify whether it is the cause before surgery. 3. Q: Nowadays, the new semen standards are very different from the fourth edition, which one is used? The new standard and the old standard of semen parameters are used at the same time, and there is no semen parameter for Chinese people when the new standard was developed, so there is no definite conclusion on which standard is used for Chinese people. It is generally recommended to make a comprehensive judgment in an outpatient clinic before deciding on a treatment plan. High sperm malformation rate is also one of the indications for surgery, but different methods have different criteria, so we cannot make a generalization. 4. Q: What is the procedure, the number of days in hospital and the cost? We generally use microscopic surgery, the unilateral microscopic procedure is about 30-45 minutes, hospitalization is 3-5 days, and the total cost is about 5-6 thousand dollars. Part of the laparoscopic procedure is used, and the cost is about $9,000. 5.Q: Common complications? Recurrence, edema and testicular atrophy. However, the recurrence rate of microsurgery is less than 2%, edema is very rare, and we have not seen any cases of testicular atrophy yet. 6.Q: Will the tortuous and drooping scrotum disappear after surgery? The principle of the surgery is to block the venous reflux, not to remove the veins in the scrotum, which will easily lead to edema and testicular atrophy, so the scrotal tortuosity will generally decrease gradually after the surgery and some of them can disappear, but not all patients have this effect. In the past, the surgery would usually suspend the levator muscle upward a little, but now it has been abandoned, so the surgery no longer deliberately solves the problem of ptosis. 7. Q: Will the quality of semen decrease after surgery? Theoretically there will be, but it is extremely rare and seen in two cases: (1) post-operative edema and atrophy, which is related to the surgery; (2) varicocele itself is not the cause, while the cause is still present, such as radiation, environmental hormones, etc.