Only about 20% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma can be surgically resected when diagnosed for the following reasons: (1) the tumor is too large or too much to be completely removed surgically; (2) the main trunk or the left and right branches of the portal vein are formed and cannot be removed; or even if they are removed, they may recur and metastasize soon; (3) there are already metastases outside the liver, most often in the lung, bone and abdominal lymph nodes; (4) the cirrhosis of the liver is too heavy and the liver function is too poor. Even if the tumor can be completely removed, the remaining liver function is too poor and liver failure may easily occur, which is life-threatening. (5) Patients are too old or have too poor cardiopulmonary function to be treated surgically even if the tumor is early and the liver reserve function is good. Besides these two methods, there are also vascular intervention, microwave ablation, anhydrous alcohol injection, radiofrequency ablation, radiation therapy, biological therapy, targeted therapy, Chinese herbal medicine, chemotherapy and many other methods. Doctors are actively trying them all. Each of these treatments has its own advantages and disadvantages, and can be used alone or in combination, and different modalities can be chosen under different conditions and conditions depending on the liver cancer patient’s condition, but no one treatment can completely replace the others.