Leukoaraiosis, also known as ocular, oral, and genital syndrome, and leukoaraiosis syndrome, is a multisystemic disease with vasculitis as the histopathological basis. The main clinical features are recurrent oral ulcers, vulvar ulcers, multiple types of eye disease and skin damage. The course of the disease is mostly chronic, alternating between recurrent episodes and remission. In severe cases, it may involve the nerve center, cardiovascular system, lungs, joints, and gastrointestinal system. Patients with eye involvement often have reduced vision or even blindness, and a few patients have life-threatening internal organ damage, but most patients have a good prognosis. Recent research has shown that the interaction of genetic factors and external environmental factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis. Patients with a family history of leukoaraiosis generally have more severe symptoms. Within a genetic family line, patients are often sicker from one generation to the next. Therefore, to prevent irreversible damage, it is especially important for patients with leukoaraiosis to seek early diagnosis, regular treatment and early control of the disease.