Is treatment of benign thyroid nodules a “one-size-fits-all” treatment? Most benign thyroid nodules require only regular follow-up and no specific treatment. In a few cases, surgery, TSH suppression therapy, ablation therapy or other treatments are available. Therefore, “one-size-fits-all” is not the primary treatment for benign thyroid nodules, but surgery may be considered if: (1) there is significant local pressure associated with the nodule (2) Combination of hyperthyroidism and failure of medical treatment; (3) The mass is located in the retrosternal or mediastinal area; (4) Progressive growth of the nodule with clinical consideration of malignant tendency or high risk factors for combined thyroid cancer. (5) Those who strongly request surgery because of appearance or excessive ideological concerns affecting normal life can be considered as relative indications for surgery. (6) Nodules larger than 3 cm (2) What should I do if I have a thyroid nodule? First, thyroid nodules are detected by physical examination or ultrasonography to exclude goiter with low TSH. Then, combined with the ultrasound results, for nodules suspected of malignancy and of a certain size, a fine needle aspiration biopsy should be performed. For nodules that are diagnosed as malignant, a combination of surgical procedures should be performed. For nodules that do not yet meet the criteria for fine needle aspiration biopsy or those that are negative for fine needle aspiration biopsy, periodic follow-up ultrasound or repeat FNA examinations or molecular diagnosis may be considered. For nodules with benign lesions on ultrasound, observation is the main focus, with regular follow-up.