In the 7th and 80s of the last century German scientist Hausen discovered that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer that occurs in the uterus. Now cervical cancer is the world’s first tumor with a clear cause, and thus was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2008, which means that the absolute relationship between HPV infection and cervical cancer is recognized worldwide. About 98-99% of people who get cervical cancer are infected with HPV. This discovery undoubtedly provides a very reliable scientific basis for the early prevention of cervical cancer and is of great clinical importance. Nowadays, many women hear about HPV infection and think they will have cervical cancer. This “fear” is unwarranted. Because HPV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, all women who have sex are susceptible to HPV infection. Only about 10-20% of the infected population will continue to be infected, and only 0.5% will eventually develop cancer. It takes 10-20 years for HPV infection to cause precancerous lesions (CIN) and then develop into invasive cancer. If this time is well grasped, regular cervical cancer screening, timely detection of cervical precancerous lesions (CIN) or early cancer and timely treatment, it is possible to eliminate late stage cancer. Therefore, we say that cervical cancer can be fully controlled through comprehensive prevention.