[Etiology].
Glioma, referred to as glioma, is a common disease in neurosurgery, glioma is the most common among various intracranial tumors, more frequent in men than women, occurring mostly in 30-40 years old, in addition to children. Common etiologies are.
1, physical and chemical factors: including chemical toxins, radiation, electromagnetic radiation, etc.
2, biological factors: such as tumor-causing viruses, bacterial toxins, etc.
3, genetic factors: abnormal genetic structure and genetic factors during embryonic development.
4.Occupational factors: employees of chemical industry.
5.Unhealthy use of the brain: introverted and cautious people.
Clinical manifestations
The symptoms are mainly twofold: first, general symptoms such as headache, vomiting, vision loss, diplopia, seizures and psychiatric symptoms; second, local symptoms produced by the compression, infiltration and destruction of brain tissue by tumor, which produce different manifestations in different parts, such as facial palsy, aphasia, hallucinations, hallucinations, memory loss, limb weakness, etc.
Treatment principle
Surgery is the main treatment
Health guidance
1.Pre-operative guidance
(1) Eat food with high calorie, high protein and high vitamin, such as rice, meat, various vegetables and fruits.
(2) Pay attention to adequate rest, ensure sleep, appropriate indoor activities, and those with epilepsy and psychiatric symptoms must be accompanied by family members.
(3) Cooperate with preoperative tests: blood tests, urine and stool tests, chest X-ray, CT, MRI, etc.
(4) Cooperate with preoperative medication.
(5) Sign various consent forms before surgery: consent for surgery, consent for anesthesia, consent for blood transfusion, consent for use of precious drugs, etc.
(6) 1 d before surgery, prepare the skin and shave the head. Fasting starts after 10 pm before surgery. On the day of surgery, change the patient’s clothing and remove valuables, dentures, etc.
2.Postoperative guidance
(1)After the operation, we will return to ICU for supervision and treatment, and will be under close supervision for 24 hours, and family members cannot accompany us for the time being.
(2) The catheter will be left in place during the operation to facilitate the detection of urine volume, which will be removed after the postoperative stabilization and normal defecation will be resumed.
(3) Intraoperative tracheal intubation may be brought back to the ICU, which may cause discomfort in the throat and will be removed when the condition allows, and there may still be discomfort after removal, which will take a few days to recover naturally.
(4) Intraoperative epidural drainage tubes and extraventricular drainage bottles may be placed and will be removed only after the condition has stabilized after surgery. To prevent the patient from having the above important tubes removed while not awake, they will be appropriately restrained.
(5) Postoperative bed rest is required, and the head of the bed can be elevated 15-30°.
(6) Postoperative diet: patients can eat only when they are awake, food should be soft to hard, taking into account nutrition, and gradually transition from liquid to normal diet.
(7) Postoperative review of CT, blood sampling and laboratory tests, etc.
(8) The head dressing will be changed at the appropriate time, and the head sutures will be removed after about 7 d in general.
【Discharge treatment】.
1.If you have oral medication, please take it on time, do not stop it without permission.
2.Regular outpatient review.
3.In case of pre-operative symptoms, please consult the doctor in time.
4.Pay attention to balanced diet and rest.