I. Dietary guidance Dietary control methods: control the intake of carbohydrates, to ensure that the daily calories up to 30-35kcal/kg, less food containing high carbohydrates, such as potatoes, watermelon, pears, bananas, rice, noodles, etc.. Patients with diabetic nephropathy should adopt a high-quality low-protein diet, especially using high-quality animal protein, which comes from animals, such as fish, shrimp, eggs, milk, etc. Patients with clinical stage diabetic nephropathy with normal renal function should be given dietary protein of about 0.8g/kg/d; after creatinine clearance decreases, protein intake should be further restricted to 0.6g/kg/d, and alpha keto acid can be taken at the same time such as Kai Tong. Low-protein diet can reduce urinary protein excretion, and reduce the expansion of small arteries into the kidney, thus reducing the “three highs” (high pressure, high perfusion and high filtration) in the glomerulus and slowing down the progress of kidney damage. Note: When you are on a low protein diet, make sure that your daily calorie intake is 30-35kcal/kg. To prevent and control hypertension, patients with diabetic nephropathy should minimize salt intake, which should not exceed 6g per day, and not eat salty foods such as salted eggs, salted vegetables and salted fish. If there is obvious edema and hypertension the daily salt intake should be controlled to 3g or less. Excessive salt intake can increase the intertissue fluid and circulating blood volume due to the increased concentration of sodium in tissue fluid and blood circulation, which increases peripheral vascular resistance and large vessel pressure, which is not conducive to reducing edema and lowering blood pressure, but less salt is not no salt. Hyperlipidemia can aggravate kidney damage, reduce hyperlipidemia has a protective effect on the kidneys, diabetic nephropathy patients should adopt a low-fat diet (25-30g), to eat less cholesterol-rich, such as a variety of animal offal, heart, liver, etc., but to eat more food rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly animal fats) and fatty acids (such as vegetable oils and deep-sea fish oil), it is best not to eat fried food, eat more fiber Eat more vegetables with more fiber, such as green vegetables, celery, etc. Eat more cold vegetables, milk should be skimmed milk is the best. It is well known that “life lies in movement” and everyone needs movement. If having diabetic nephropathy is a misfortune in life, it is perhaps a blessing among misfortunes to take the disease as an opportunity to increase people’s attention to their health status and thus improve their bad lifestyle. To prevent the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy and delay its progress, in addition to the application of drugs and dietary therapy, exercise is also particularly important. It can effectively control blood sugar and avoid the occurrence of complications. Third, the benefits of reasonable exercise Patients under the guidance of medical personnel to carry out reasonable exercise has the following significance: increase the use of glucose by muscle tissue, conducive to better use of insulin, eliminate excess body fat, improve lipid metabolism, reduce body weight, adjust the heart, lung, nerve and endocrine function, prevent osteoporosis, prevent and control the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy complications, maintain a happy mood The first step is to increase interest in life and self-confidence in life. Four, five steps to exercise 1, safe preparation before exercise test blood sugar, determine whether it is suitable for exercise, exercise to be accompanied by someone, and carry a blood glucose meter, chocolate or juice. If you feel unwell, test your blood sugar immediately, and if you have low blood sugar, replenish the sugar as soon as possible. Carry a diabetes aid card with you. Check your feet every day and wear comfortable footwear to avoid affecting the blood circulation in your feet. Choose outdoor exercise when the weather is good, but choose indoor exercise when it is windy, rainy, snowy or too hot or cold. 2, warm-up exercises before exercise 5-10 minutes to prevent joint and muscle strains during exercise. 3, exercise time 20-30 minutes. 4, near the end of the exercise, you need to do 5-10 minutes of relaxation exercises. 5, after exercise if there is sweating should change clothes to prevent colds, but also test blood sugar and make a record, including sports, exercise time, sports venues, any discomfort, etc.. V. When exercise is prohibited if the blood sugar level is higher than 16.7mmlo/L; when the effect of insulin or hypoglycemic drugs reaches its peak; when the feet or lower limbs are numb, tingling or painful; when you are seriously injured; when you have shortness of breath, dizziness or nausea; when you have pain or tightness in the chest, neck, shoulder or jaw; when you have blurred vision or blind spot; when you are suffering from other diseases. Sixth, how to avoid hypoglycemia during exercise The key to prevent hypoglycemia during exercise is to keep blood sugar between 5.5mmol/L (100mg/dL) and 16.7mmol/L (300/dL) before exercise; carry candy or snacks with you during exercise. If you feel panic, dizziness and other discomforts, you should replenish the sugar or snacks as soon as possible, if still not relieved, you should monitor blood glucose or go to the hospital in time; exercise as much as possible 1 to 2 hours after meals; fasting too long, you can not exercise too long or too long; exercise time should avoid choosing the peak period of drug action after taking medication or injecting insulin to avoid causing hypoglycemia. Seven, the choice of exercise for diabetic nephropathy patients should choose non-contact, non-competitive exercise program, especially the use of leg muscles is better, low-intensity, short exercise such as walking, qigong, tai chi, ballroom dancing, radio exercises, the following are several methods of healthy exercise. 1. General walking method: 60 to 90 steps per minute, 20 to 30 minutes each time. 2. In-situ stepping method: stepping in-situ within one square meter indoors, 100 to 120 steps per minute, 20 to 30 minutes each time. Arm walking method: 90-120 steps per minute, 20-30 minutes each time. When walking, swing both arms back and forth with force, which can increase the activities of shoulder joints, elbow joints, thorax and other parts. Second, self-monitoring of blood sugar strict control of blood sugar can significantly slow down the progress of diabetic nephropathy. Patients with diabetic nephropathy should have their kidney function and urine microalbumin tested once every 3-6 months, and avoid taking drugs that are harmful to the kidneys. Third, control blood pressure Diabetic nephropathy patients’ blood pressure should be controlled below 130/80mmHg, which can reduce the hyperfiltration, hyperperfusion and high pressure of diabetic nephropathy, which can slow down the development of nephropathy and the process of renal insufficiency.