I. Clinical features Bone is rich in nerve fibers, which enter the periosteum and then their branches follow the trophoblastic vessels into the bone, so neurofibromas can occur in the medullary cavity or in the periosteum. Neurofibromas that originate in bone are extremely rare, and often involve bone as a result of neurofibromatosis. Clinically, the main manifestation is pain with no other characteristic manifestations. It is primarily located in the short bones and sacrum, and occasionally in the femur, tibia, skull, vertebrae, and ribs. It causes clinical changes such as scoliosis, pseudoarthrosis and abnormal bone growth. The tumor is mostly an isolated lesion in the bone, without a clear predilection site. Long bone lesions may show uneven localized hyperdensity due to uneven destruction of the bone cortex, but there are no foci of ossification or calcification. If not combined with fracture, periosteal reaction is rare. The tumor is located in the bone marrow cavity and grows mildly distensible. There is no tuberous bone or calcification within the tumor, and residual bone shell is visible at the edges. The soft tissue masses outside the bone may or may not be present. Once the diagnosis is clear, surgical treatment should be adopted in time. For small tumors, intratumoral scraping can be used, while for larger tumors, extensive resection and bone grafting are appropriate.