In the last two years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing at a rate of 30%, ranking first in terms of increase. Thyroid disease may seem to be increasing, but knowing the real cause of the “high incidence” and the characteristics of the disease, there is no need to be too afraid. As the body’s largest endocrine gland, the thyroid gland regulates metabolism, managing growth rate, development, metabolism, and regulating the body’s calcium balance, among other important functions. Problems here can cause many diseases, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer. The presence of thyroid nodules can be detected by ultrasound in 30 to 60 percent of the normal population. The increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer may be related to lifestyle habits and excessive radiation exposure and, more importantly, may be related to the increased detection rate. In clinical practice, many patients are found to have thyroid lumps, nodules or microscopic cancer during physical examinations or other tests. This is due to the continuous improvement of today’s examination tools, including the faster development of ultrasound technology, the much higher resolution of ultrasound and the popularity of various advanced imaging tests such as CT, which can help physicians detect thyroid cancer that is clinically asymptomatic. Many nodules under 1 cm and blood flow changes around the thyroid gland that were undetectable in the past are now clearly visible and will be detected naturally by many more patients. In the past, the diagnosis of thyroid disease relied mainly on the physician’s palpation. Due to the influence of lump location, size, patient’s neck thickness, length, obesity, etc., many thyroid cancers would be missed, so people would mistakenly believe that few people have this disease. Even if thyroid disease or even thyroid cancer is found, there is no need to panic. Take the most common thyroid nodules and thyroiditis as examples, some people are particularly nervous when thyroid nodules are detected during physical examinations, fearing that they will develop into cancer. In fact, benign thyroid nodules do not usually turn into cancer, and most thyroid nodules do not need to be treated, as they can be monitored by ultrasound every one to two years to monitor their growth rate. Another common benign thyroid disease is chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Like thyroid nodules, most of them do not require any treatment and only require regular follow-up ultrasound and thyroid function, and once the lesion appears, medication and surgery are effective. Even thyroid cancer is relatively “mild” among malignant cancers, with a 20-year survival rate of 90% for early-stage thyroid cancer. It is worth mentioning that thyroid problems are more common in women because of the correlation between thyroid cancer and the female sex hormone environment. For people with a history of thyroid cancer in their relatives, especially in the immediate family, the rate of thyroid cancer is relatively high. Therefore, regular screening is recommended for people with a family history of thyroid cancer. If you feel a painless lump in your neck that grows rapidly within a short period of time, and if you experience hoarseness, dysphagia, or difficulty in breathing, you should go to the endocrinology department of a hospital for further examination. At present, early thyroid cancer detected, especially microscopic cancer, according to the risk stage should (such as the location of the tumor) some patients should be treated by surgery, but some patients with low risk factors can also be closely observed clinically.