Patients presenting with HBV-associated end-stage liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation should be treated with nucleoside (acid) analogs with potent HBV inhibition and a low incidence of drug resistance or with a combination of nucleoside (acid) analogs in order to obtain the lowest possible viral load and to prevent reinfection of the transplanted liver. LAM and/or ADV in combination with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) can safely and effectively prevent reinfection of the transplanted liver. This regimen reduces the rate of transplanted liver reinfection to less than 10%. The addition of ADV is recommended for patients who develop resistance after application of LAM. nucleoside (acid) analogs with strong HBV inhibitory effects and resistance rates, such as ETV and tenofovir (TDF), have insufficient evidence for use in the prevention of reinfection of transplanted livers. lifelong antiviral medications are required to prevent recurrence of hepatitis B in patients with HBV-associated liver transplants. patients with HBsAg-negative disease after receiving donor livers from anti-HBc-positive individuals should also receive long-term LAM or hepatitis B immunoglobulin prophylaxis.