Cervical cancer is one of the most serious diseases threatening women’s health and is the most common gynecologic malignancy, accounting for the second highest incidence of female tumors in China, after breast cancer. The number of cervical cancer cases worldwide is increasing year by year, with 560,000 reported in 2006. 250,000 people died of cervical cancer in 2005, with about 80% occurring in developing countries. In China, 131,500 new cervical cancer patients are diagnosed each year, and about 50,000 people die from cervical cancer each year. More than 90% of cervical cancer is related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and there are more than 100 subtypes of HPV, more than 30 of which are related to reproductive tract lesions, and are classified into high-risk and low-risk types according to cancer risk. Early marriage, early pregnancy, and multiple sexual partners increase the likelihood of HPV infection, and persistent infection with HPV, especially high-risk HPV, may develop into cervical precancerous lesions (CIN) with the synergistic effect of other carcinogenic factors, which may further progress to cervical invasive cancer. With the increasing number of patients and the trend of younger women with the disease, it has attracted worldwide attention, and WHO has pointed out that if no action is taken soon, the number of cervical cancer deaths will increase by 25% in the next 10 years. The current incidence of cervical cancer poses a serious challenge to us. In developed countries, the mortality rate has been reduced by 50% due to screening for cervical cancer. It is our goal to screen for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions, to treat them early, and to reduce or even eliminate advanced cervical cancer according to the national situation in China. Effective interventions for cervical cancer include HPV vaccine, women’s health screening, and treatment of precancerous lesions and cancers. For various reasons, HPV vaccine is not yet available in our country. In terms of screening, hospitals in different regions have taken various measures to improve the early detection and treatment of cervical cancer. In terms of treatment, the Chinese Society of Gynecologic Oncology has proposed new norms for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer (2006), and the implementation of these norms has helped to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer and its precancerous lesions. Currently, there are some issues in the screening of cervical cancer that deserve our attention. The starting time of screening for women who have had sex for more than three years or have had sex over 21 years old is 25-30 years old in economically developed areas and 35-40 years old in less economically developed areas, with appropriate advancement for high-risk groups, and the termination time is generally 65 years old, and generally not many suffer from it over 65 years old. The population of high-risk women mainly includes those who have multiple sexual partners, early sexual life, HIV infection, HPV infection, low immune function, poor hygiene and lack of knowledge of sexual health care. Cytology, colposcopy, and histopathology are the three-step principle of cervical cancer screening. If available, high-risk HPV testing can be performed at the same time as cytology, and colposcopy can then be performed for those who are positive. Although cytology and colposcopy can perform initial screening, histopathology results are ultimately needed as a basis for diagnosis. Due to poor sanitation and lack of health care awareness, the incidence of cervical cancer, especially advanced cervical cancer, is currently higher in rural than in urban areas in China. Our government attaches great importance to the health status of rural women, and the three-year “two cancers – cervical cancer and breast cancer” screening program in rural areas, which started in 2009, is a major public health project funded by the government and supervised by the Ministry of Health and health institutions at all levels. The program is funded by the government and supervised by the Ministry of Health and health institutions at all levels. The cervical cancer screening program covers 221 counties (districts) in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) nationwide, targeting rural women between the ages of 35 and 59, and Jimo City was selected as one of the project counties. As gynecologists of Jimo People’s Hospital, we have to continuously improve our professional skills to increase the rate of early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, reduce the mortality rate, and raise the self-care awareness and health level of rural women through publicity, health education and cervical lesion screening.