Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a circular, double-stranded DNA virus that is a very important factor in the development of cervical cancer. Since its status was established, HPV infection has caused a great deal of fear. The American Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Association believes that without adequate counseling for patients, HPV testing can increase women’s anxiety, which can lead to colposcopies and other unnecessary treatments, in other words, these screenings will do more harm than good. The natural history of HPV infection is still not well defined, and this lack of clarity is reflected in the fact that several terms often used in virology are not clearly defined in HPV. These terms include self-clearing, latent infection, and persistent infection. Recent results show that persistent HPV infection resulting from consecutive high-risk HPV infections of the same type is more likely to cause cervical cancer progression. HPV infection associated with lower genital tract disease is transmitted primarily through sexual or intimate skin-to-skin (genital tract) contact. Air, simple contact in daily life, such as shaking hands, is not transmissible. Condoms provide some protection, but they do not completely prevent infection because they do not cover all of the genitalia. The discovery of HPV infection usually brings up a variety of emotions in a woman who has it: confusion, fear, anxiety, shame (because it is a sexually transmitted disease) and even anger (perhaps blaming the spouse or partner). All of these emotions are normal, and HPV infection in the lower female genital tract can be thought of, to use a lesser analogy, as a “cold” that occurs in the lower female genital tract. This is because of the high probability of HPV infection in the lower genital tract and the fact that 70-80% of women will have at least one HPV infection during their lifetime. However, the average incidence of cervical cancer in the population is only about 10 in 100,000. This means that although HPV infection is relatively high in the population, the vast majority of people with HPV infection are self-healing and do not end up with cervical cancer. For women who are not yet sexually active, the HPV vaccine is used to prevent infection. HPV infection in the lower genital tract is very common in women who are sexually active, and local immune boosters to increase local resistance and eliminate infectious factors may be helpful to eliminate HPV infection as soon as possible. Patients should develop good lifestyle habits, undergo regular cervical cancer screening, eat a healthy diet and ensure a balanced intake of various nutrients, which can be helpful for HPV regression. HPV infection should be both guarded against and not overly panicked.