The clinical classification of hemangioma is as follows: 1) bright red nevus; 2) capillary hemangioma; 3) cavernous hemangioma; 4) strawberry hemangioma. It often appears at birth or soon after birth, mostly unilateral, occasionally bilateral, and sometimes involving mucous membranes. Facial nevus should be treated as soon as possible. Currently, many hospitals use laser to treat facial nevus. This method achieves fundamental and permanent removal of facial nevus with no worries. Capillary hemangioma: Most of them are found on the face, and a few of them are located on the trunk or limbs. The symptoms of this kind of capillary hemangioma are light red to dark red, or dark purple, not higher than the skin surface, and the lesions expand with the growth of the child and do not fade away by themselves. Vascular damage is generally slow to develop, and cavernous hemangiomas often increase in size during childhood or adolescence, but not significantly during this period. Most venous malformations are spongy in shape, hence the name. In addition to the skin and subcutaneous tissues, lesions can also occur in the submucosa, muscle and even bone. Strawberry hemangioma occurs in about 1% of newborns, mostly present at birth as small red spots, slightly above the skin. These hemangiomas are often not seen at birth, and the lesions are mostly found within one month after birth, initially as small red spots, and there is no obvious change in color and size when examined by finger pressure. Later, the lesion grows rapidly to be significantly higher than normal skin, bright red in color, lobulated, and shaped like strawberry or prune. Occasionally, bleeding may occur due to ulceration on the surface of the hemangioma. It is called strawberry hemangioma because it is shaped like a strawberry. The harm of hemangioma to the body depends on its growth site, size and tissue composition. Hemangioma on the body surface: Hemangioma on the body surface can occur on all parts of the human body, but it is more common on the jaw, neck, trunk, and limbs, etc. Its color is mostly red, black, or green and its shape is irregular or convex, or varicose, or sinuous. If the hemangioma grows on the surface of the body, it is bound to affect the aesthetics and cause harm to the patient’s body and mind, and in serious cases, it may deform the facial features. Angiomas on the body surface can cause hemorrhage if they are struck or compressed by external forces. In the neck and throat, hemangioma may easily break down due to feeding, which may endanger patients’ lives. In functional parts, such as eyes, tongue, fingers, toes, penis, clitoris and joints, it may affect the function of these parts and lead to serious deformation of limbs or affect the growth and development of bones. If the hemangioma is huge, it will seriously endanger the patient’s health no matter what part of the body it grows on. In addition, hemangioma can also become infected, ulcerated, bleeding or even malignant, all of which can seriously endanger the patient’s life. Hemangioma in the body: When the tumor increases in the body, it can compress and push the neighboring organs and cause various symptoms. For example, compression of the lower esophagus, stomach, and duodenum may cause difficulty in swallowing, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and belching; compression of the liver and biliary tract may cause gallbladder effusion and obstructive jaundice; compression of the portal vein may cause portal hypertension, and compression of the inferior vena cava may cause ascites, and may affect childbirth in pregnant women. Inflated hemangioma can cause hepatic hemorrhage due to internal pressure or external force (squeezing, impact, antagonistic movement, etc.), resulting in death of the patient. Hepatic hemangioma impairs the metabolic action of the liver. The liver is the most active metabolic organ in the body and is involved in the metabolic process of almost all substances in the body, which is very important for maintaining life. Once the metabolic function of liver is disrupted, the whole body will be greatly affected. In addition, if liver hemangioma is not treated for a long time, it may turn into malignant tumor and endanger life. What are the current treatment methods for hemangioma? What is the principle of their treatment? What are the advantages and disadvantages of their treatment? 1.Surgical treatment: Surgical methods are used to remove the diseased tissues to achieve the treatment purpose. It works well for independent and small lesions. In general, the lesion area is rich in blood vessels and has a large blood volume, which causes great bleeding during surgery and often leads to severe hemorrhagic shock, requiring large amounts of whole blood input during surgery, making the operation difficult and dangerous. At the same time, the recurrence rate after surgery is very high because the hemangioma is often not completely removed after bleeding and the surgery is terminated. After surgical removal of part of the tumor, local deformity, deficiency and dysfunction of the tumor remain. 2.Cryotherapy This method is used for hemangioma treatment from the 1960s (small superficial lesions can be used as appropriate). The operator uses the strong low temperature (-96℃) caused by the volatilization of liquid nitrogen, usually below -20℃, to condense the skin, hemangioma and tissues around hemangioma in the lesion area, so that ice crystals are formed in the cells and cause cell rupture, disintegration and death, and then the repair process of the body makes the hemangioma disappear. The hemangioma will disappear. However, this method can leave local scars and often leaves serious deformities and dysfunction after treatment in the eyes, corners of the mouth, tip of the nose and ears. Due to the difficulty of controlling the intensity and depth of freezing operation, as well as the different resistance of tissues to low temperature, incomplete treatment and higher recurrence occur, while directly affecting the evaluation of efficacy. In addition, the local scar deficiency deformity dysfunction left behind is not the result expected by the patient. 3.Radiation and isotope therapy The treatment principle is to use the radiation generated by radioactive elements to bombard the nucleus of the tissue in the lesion area to make the DNA chain and RNA chain break, terminate the synthesis of nuclear protein causing cell death and disintegration, and then through the tissue repair process to achieve the purpose of treatment. The following are commonly used clinically: superficial X-ray irradiation, cobalt 60 local irradiation, strontium 90 film external paste, phosphorus 32 colloid local injection, etc. After treatment, the treated area is left with atrophic scars after radioactive damage and epidermal desquamation. For this kind of atrophic tissue and atrophic scars caused by radiation irradiation, experts suggest to perform surgical excision, otherwise the possibility of cancer cannot be excluded. 4.Sclerotherapy injection This method originated from the 1950s, and was derived from the injection therapy of dead hemorrhoids. The principle is that sclerotherapy is injected into the tumor tissue of hemangioma (not into the blood vessels) to cause sterile inflammation and local fibrotic reaction after the swelling disappears, resulting in shrinking or occlusion of the hemangioma and blood vessel cavity. Commonly used drugs include: ① cod liver oil sodium acid; ② kuhelium injection; ③ alum injection; ④ kuhelium yellow lotus injection; ⑤ sodium bicarbonate injection; ⑥ pinyamycin and pulsatilla class; ⑦ boiling water injection therapy; ⑧ urea injection. Now the latest type of sclerosing agent: polyglactin is effective in treating hemangioma, with small negative effect and no scar, but sometimes multiple injections are needed, otherwise it is easy to recur. 5.Minimally invasive superconducting interventional ablation therapy for hemangioma is to directly puncture the hair-thin micro-catheter to the abnormal structure of the vascular cavity and the enlarged area under full computer monitoring, and produce electro-biochemical oscillation field in the tumor 1. In addition, a large number of blood clots are formed in the lumen of the inner wall of the hemangioma and the lumen of the veins, resulting in the loss of activity of the endothelial cells of the hemangioma and the gradual fading of the hemangioma, finally achieving the purpose of cure. 2.A large number of elastic fibers and collagen fibers are produced in the treated area, so that the elasticity and toughness of the tissues around the original hemangioma are greatly increased, and the local blood vessels lose the environment of re-deformation and re-expansion, thus achieving the purpose of curing the lesion and not recurring. 6.Bio-photoconductive therapy–photodynamic therapy Injecting photosensitizer into the hemangioma, when the photosensitizer enters the body’s blood vessels, it can form a short time high concentration in the blood, and there is a large concentration difference inside and outside the blood vessels within a certain period of time, and the photosensitizer can be absorbed rapidly by the endothelial cells of blood vessels selectively, and the concentration of photosensitizer absorbed by the endothelial cells of blood vessels is much higher than that of the extravascular mesenchymal and epidermal cells of the dermis. YILIYA – type Q laser unique removal of birthmark gem “Q” mode, the use of its specific wavelength of laser irradiation of the lesion, the lesion of the vascular endothelial cells due to absorption of more photosensitizer can produce strong photosensitive reaction, the production of reactive oxygen species such as monomorphic oxygen, play a cytotoxic effect, so that the vascular endothelial cell damage, vascular The endothelial cells of the dermal aberrant vascular network become degenerative and necrotic, and thrombosis occurs, resulting in lumen atresia and erythema fading. In contrast, the dermal extravascular interstitium and epidermal cells do not contain or contain less photosensitizer, so they do not produce or only produce a slight recoverable photosensitivity reaction, thus effectively destroying the deformed capillary network, while leaving the epidermis and the surrounding epidermal tissue intact. The laser instantly emits high energy to effectively break up and remove the pigments in the lesioned tissues, and the corresponding pigment mass is rapidly expanded and instantly burst and broken, most or all of the epidermal pigment mass is immediately ejected from the body, and part of the dermal pigment mass is broken into tiny particles that can be swallowed by the cells in the body, and finally discharged from the body through the lymphatic system of the body. After the treatment, the color base of the lesion will gradually become lighter until it disappears, while the surrounding normal skin tissues will not absorb the fixed wavelength laser, so there is almost no damage, no scar and no pain. Generally for cyanotic birthmarks, only 1-3 times are needed; for red birthmarks, only 1-5 times are needed to remove them easily. Clinical data statistics show that the cure rate of bio-photoconductive therapy for bright red nevus reaches more than 75% and the efficiency rate exceeds 95%.