What are the types of pediatric hemangiomas?

Capillary hemangioma is the expansion and rupture of capillary blood vessels, which repeatedly destroy the skin and subcutaneous muscle tissue. The areas of the body rich in blood vessels are the most frequent sites, such as the facial organs and other parts. The incidence of strawberry hemangioma accounts for about 1% of newborns, mostly present at birth as small red spots, gradually increasing in size later, often higher than the skin, bright red in color, lobulated, shaped like strawberries or prunes. The growth sites are mostly found on the head, face and trunk. If not treated and controlled in time, within a short period of time (half a year), the organs that have already suffered from hemangioma or the surrounding organs will be destroyed, and a few of them can develop rapidly into mixed hemangioma. 3.Vivid nevus, also called wine-like nevus or capillary dilated nevus, often appears at birth or soon after birth, usually on the face, neck and scalp, mostly unilateral, occasionally bilateral, sometimes involving mucous membranes. The damage is initially of different sizes or several light red, dark red or purple-red patches, irregular in shape, with clear borders and not higher than the skin surface, and capillary dilation is visible. With age, the color deepens to red and purple, and in 65% of patients, the lesion will gradually expand, thicken and appear nodular by the age of 40, and bleed easily after trauma. Erythema nodosum is a flattened and rarely elevated plaque composed of numerous dilated capillaries and is a congenital capillary malformation. The area of the lesion increases with the growth of the body and does not fade away throughout life. Erythema nevosum can occur in any part of the body, but it is more common on the face and neck, accounting for 75%-80% of the cases, mostly unilateral and more common on the right side. There is a 15% chance of refractory glaucoma when the ophthalmic nerve and maxillary nerve are also involved. In patients with nevus, 1%-2% of them have ipsilateral molluscum vascular malformation, which is called Sturge-Weber syndrome. Spongiform hemangioma can occur in any part of the body, both on the surface and in various internal organs, especially in the extremities, trunk and parotid glands. The skin of the tumor may be normal or dark blue, soft to the touch like a sponge, and the mass may be compressed by pressure. Some cavernous hemangiomas can be combined with capillary hemangiomas on the surface of the skin, which is called mixed hemangioma. Some parotid hemangiomas are combined with capillary hemangiomas on the surface skin of the parotid gland or other parts of the parotid gland. Therefore, if the cause of the parotid lump is not clear to a pediatric patient, the diagnosis of parotid hemangioma should be considered if surface skin capillary hemangioma is found to exist. However, as the surface hemangioma develops, it invades both the dermis and subcutaneous tissues, and the extent of subcutaneous invasion may exceed the surface area of the lesion, forming a raised mass with irregular shape, mostly on the face and extremities. The invasion is sometimes so extensive that the eyes, lips, nose or ears are covered by this expanding vascular tissue, which can cause dysfunction in breathing, eating, vision and hearing. Trapezius hemangioma is usually found on the scalp, frontotemporal area or extremities, some of them are limited, but most of them are large in scope, even reaching the whole limb, making the affected limb thicken and grow. The skin is flushed, the skin temperature is high, and purple-blue masses are visible through the skin. The skin is flushed, the skin temperature is high, and a purple-blue mass is visible through the skin. The pulsation and peristalsis of the tortuous blood vessels can be vaguely felt, and the enlarged blood vessels of soft texture can be found in strips. V. Giant cavernous hemangioma or mixed hemangioma may be associated with Kasabach-merrit syndrome. This syndrome refers to hemangioma with thrombocytopenia syndrome. The incidence is about 1% of children with hemangioma. The pathogenesis is due to the large size of the tumor, slow blood flow, and surgical damage to the intima, which results in the retention and consumption of large amounts of platelets, fibrinogen, and coagulation factors II, V, VII, and Ⅻ, resulting in coagulation disorders. Symptoms and signs: In infants less than 1 year old, especially around 6 months old, the tumor that was stationary before the onset of the disease suddenly increases in size with a purplish surface, accompanied by local and then generalized bruising until the manifestation of DIC. The appearance is similar to that of an acute soft tissue infection. Routine blood tests show thrombocytopenia, which is life-threatening in severe cases.