How is pediatric hemangioma diagnosed?

After the baby is born, some of them have red spots, cyanotic spots or strawberry-colored red spots on their body, while some of them are not obvious at birth, or have a light red spot, but they soon grow up after half a month. When they went to the hospital, some doctors said that it would subside in the future and there was no hurry to treat it, while others said that it should be treated as early as possible, otherwise it would grow bigger and bigger, so parents did not know what to do. Indeed, the name and treatment of hemangioma are confusing. In the past, it was called hemangioma when there was rich vascular tissue, red spots, or bulging blue-purple tumors. The traditional domestic classification method divides hemangiomas into capillary hemangiomas, cavernous hemangiomas, mixed hemangiomas, and trapezius hemangiomas. For example, according to the traditional clinical classification, strawberry hemangioma and wine stain (bright red nevus) are both capillary hemangioma, but the former grows rapidly and rises above the skin after birth, and most of them can subside afterwards, which is effective for hormone therapy and can be controlled by appropriate intervention therapy for rapid growth, while the latter grows slowly with body growth, and its color becomes purple-red or The latter grows slowly with the body and becomes purplish red or thickened, which is ineffective for hormonal treatment and will not subside naturally, requiring active and effective treatment. In addition, most cavernous hemangiomas are traditionally dilated venous malformations, while some medical professionals refer to compressive strawberry hemangiomas and subcutaneous infantile hemangiomas as cavernous hemangiomas, which differ greatly in treatment and prognosis. Pathological and radiological diagnostic criteria are also not uniform. Due to the confusion of the concept of hemangioma, not only does it not help much in understanding the course of the disease and guiding treatment, but some of them lead to medical complications from overly aggressive treatment, while others are too conservative and miss good opportunities for early treatment as the disease develops and the lesions expand. This shows that many medical personnel have an incorrect understanding of vascular disorders, let alone patients. Patients have to go around among medical personnel and become more unaware of the southeast and northwest. Therefore, everyone was looking forward to a more accurate and uniform classification and nomenclature. Thankfully, in 1982 Mulliken and Glowacki introduced the biological classification, which divides congenital cutaneous vascular disorders into two categories: hemangiomas and vascular malformations, based on the characteristics of whether or not vascular endothelial cells are proliferating and combined with clinical manifestations. Hemangiomas, also known as infantile hemangiomas (mostly strawberry hemangiomas in the traditional classification), are characterized by vascular endothelial cell proliferation, have rapid growth in the early postnatal period in children, and most begin to regress spontaneously after six months and are effective for hormonal therapy. Vascular malformations have normal endothelial cells and are characterized by abnormal expansion of various blood vessels (such as capillaries, veins or arteries), which not only do not subside spontaneously but also gradually expand and are ineffective for hormone therapy. To put it simply, it is hemangioma that has a fast growth like a tumor in the early stage and will slowly recede later, and vascular malformation that slowly grows is vascular malformation. Therefore, the biological classification is more scientific and reasonable, which is conducive to clinical diagnosis and treatment, and has been accepted by most doctors in foreign countries. Some doctors in China do not understand this classification well and still follow the traditional classification method, which may lead to mistakes in diagnosis and treatment selection, and more easily cause confusion and misunderstanding among patients.