Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by an increased risk of fracture due to a decrease in bone strength. It is a serious threat to the health of middle-aged and elderly people, especially post-menopausal women, and the resulting fractures and other complications impose a heavy economic and social burden on patients, families and society. Diabetes and osteoporosis are closely related. type 1 diabetes can cause a decrease in bone density in patients due to factors such as insufficient insulin secretion. Although the changes in bone mineral density in type 2 diabetic patients are not conclusive, the risk of fracture is significantly increased in both types of diabetes. The increased risk is partly due to visual impairment and peripheral neuropathy, which cause diabetic patients to be more prone to falls, but more importantly, diabetes causes a decrease in bone mass. Why does diabetes cause a decrease in bone quality? When the body is in a constant state of hyperglycemia, the rate of imbalance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism is almost 100 percent. When a large amount of glucose is excreted from the urine, the osmotic diuresis also excretes a large amount of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium out of the body and causes excessive loss; the low calcium and magnesium state that occurs also stimulates increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, which enhances osteolysis; there are insulin receptors on the surface of bone cells, and insulin has a regulatory effect on the normal physiological function of osteoblasts, and the absolute or relative lack of insulin in diabetes makes the osteogenic effect weaken; long-term When diabetes causes renal impairment, the activity of a hydroxylase in the kidney tissue will be significantly reduced, so that the vitamin D in the body can not be fully activated, thus reducing the absorption of calcium in the intestine; a considerable number of diabetic patients with hypogonadism, the lack of sex hormones itself will promote and aggravate osteoporosis. In addition, diabetes mellitus will aggravate the nutritional disorder of bone if it is combined with the nutritional vascular and distribution neuropathy of bone tissue. For those patients who already suffer from primary osteoporosis, having diabetes again will aggravate the condition. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is clear when a fracture occurs in a diabetic patient with a slight external force, or when there is a compression fracture of the thoracolumbar spine on X-ray, or when the bone mineral density decreases to a certain level on bone densitometry. Treatment should firstly target diabetes and bring the blood sugar control up to the standard. The application of calcitonin preparations to inhibit osteoclast activity and reduce bone pain has a good effect; or oral diphosphonates to inhibit bone resorption and prevent further bone loss. Both of them can be combined with calcium and vitamin D supplements. The best measure to prevent diabetic osteoporosis is early detection and timely treatment of diabetes. Patients with long duration of the disease, poor glycemic control, or with liver and kidney impairment should be more alert to the occurrence of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, also known as the “silent epidemic”, has no obvious symptoms in its early stages and is often detected only after a minor external force has caused a fracture. So far, the various treatments we have can only thicken and thicken the trabeculae, but cannot reconnect the broken trabeculae, so prevention of osteoporosis is more realistic and important than treatment. Moreover, osteoporosis can be prevented. Therefore, early diagnosis and preventive and curative measures are urgently needed.