The etiology and pathogenesis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma have not yet been fully determined, and may be related to the combination of various factors: ① Viral hepatitis: about 1/3 of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients have a history of chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis virus is associated with a high incidence of liver cancer; ② cirrhosis: primary liver cancer combined with cirrhosis accounts for 50% to 90%, in Europe and the United States, liver cancer often occurs on the basis of alcoholic cirrhosis; ③ aflatoxin: moldy corn and moldy peanuts contaminated by Aspergillus flavus can cause liver cancer, this is because aflatoxin B1, a metabolite of aflatoxin, has a strong carcinogenic effect; ④ drinking water pollution: areas with a high incidence of liver cancer In Qidong, there is a significant difference in the mortality rate of liver cancer between residents who drink pond water and those who drink well water, and the blue-green algae growing in ponds can contaminate water sources, which is related to liver cancer; ⑤ Chemical carcinogens: chemicals that can cause liver cancer are mainly N-nitroso compounds, such as nitrosamines and nitrosamides. In addition, pesticides, safrole, etc. can also induce liver cancer. What are the treatment means for liver cancer? Individualized and comprehensive treatment according to different stages of liver cancer is the key to improve the curative effect; treatment methods include surgery, hepatic artery ligation, hepatic artery chemoembolization, radiofrequency, freezing, laser, microwave, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Biological therapy and traditional Chinese medicine are also used in the treatment of liver cancer. What should be noted in diet in the early stage after liver cancer surgery? After liver cancer surgery, it takes a period of time for liver function to recover, and all the food we consume needs to be metabolized by the liver, therefore, in the early stage after liver cancer surgery, we should not take too many nutrients and supplements. Because these “high-quality” supplements are not easily decomposed by the liver, too much of them will increase the burden on the liver, which is not conducive to the recovery of the disease. Therefore, within 1 week after surgery, a varied, easily digestible, low-fat, moderate protein, high vitamin diet is appropriate, and follow the dietary principle of eating less and more meals. It is advisable to consume more foods with liver-protective effect, such as snapper, ark, oyster, shiitake mushroom and mushroom. If the patient has poor coagulation function and bleeding tendency after surgery, it is advisable to consume more foods with hematopoietic and hemostatic effects such as: shellfish, orange, oyster, jellyfish, scallop, umeboshi, capers, etc. in the diet. At the same time, attention should be paid to vitamin supplementation, and the diet should include foods containing vitamin K and vitamin C, such as eating more fresh vegetables and fruits and drinking vitamin C rich juice drinks. At the same time, attention should also be paid to avoid irritating, hard, spicy, fried foods and foods with a lot of vegetable fiber, so as not to cause rupture and bleeding of esophageal or fundic veins in patients with liver cirrhosis. If hepatocellular carcinoma has ascites after surgery, the diet should strictly limit sodium intake and give low-salt or salt-free diet, and foods such as adzuki beans, quail eggs, seaweed, green crab and black fish are suitable.