On March 12, the World Health Organization released in Turkey a document entitled GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION, CARE AND TREATMENT OF PERSONS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION on hepatitis B prevention and treatment. China has a large number of hepatitis B virus carriers and patients, and at the same time, due to poor drug accessibility and varying levels of treatment, the outcome of hepatitis B patient visits is less than ideal. In order to actively promote the application of hepatitis B guidelines for the benefit of patients with liver disease, the Chinese Hepatitis Prevention and Control Foundation, the Chinese Medical Association, the Chinese Society of Hepatology and the Society of Infectious Diseases, in collaboration with the World Health Organization, organized the release of the Chinese version of the guidelines in Beijing on May 15. The guidelines are the first international guidelines for the prevention, care and treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection from a government management perspective. Unlike previous guidelines issued by academic committees, the WHO guidelines focus on global public health issues and are designed to provide a basis for international intergovernmental health organizations to develop policies and standards to guide the development of national health programs, with the goal of achieving the highest possible level of health for people around the world. The target population is national program managers (especially low- and middle-income countries, the reference for the development of hepatitis B policy). The focus is to consider countries and regions with lower economic levels, to balance the interests of individuals and groups, and to provide implementable strategies for resource-limited areas. The specific strategies recommended therefore focus on accessibility in these resource-limited areas, balancing simplified harmonization across different regions. With a primary audience of health administrators and health workers caring for patients with chronic hepatitis B, this guideline aims to help strengthen hepatitis B prevention, care, and treatment in low- and middle-income countries, with the following points requiring our attention and application in clinical work. First, the importance of liver fibrosis evaluation is emphasized. Most scholars now believe that liver fibrosis and even early cirrhosis can be reversed if timely treatment is available. Therefore, the evaluation of the degree of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease is a key component in judging the disease, deciding on treatment and following up the efficacy. The guidelines emphasize the importance of liver fibrosis evaluation and recommend the use of noninvasive liver fibrosis (serology and imaging) tests to detect liver fibrosis. The FibroScan is a new non-invasive test for liver fibrosis that measures liver stiffness to determine the degree of liver fibrosis and to accurately classify liver fibrosis. For chronic hepatitis B with mild clinical manifestations, if the FS test indicates the presence of obvious liver fibrosis, antiviral and anti-fibrotic treatment should be carried out as early as possible; if the liver hardness value continues to rise in patients with chronic liver disease, timely analysis of changes in the condition and attention to adjusting the treatment plan are needed; for patients with hepatitis cirrhosis in the decompensated stage, if the FS test result is >50 KPa, be highly alert to primary liver cancer; if the result >60KPa, attention should be paid to the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Currently, it is applied in clinical examination in Beijing Ditan Hospital, and preliminary analysis shows good correlation with liver puncture results. Secondly, emphasis is placed on the treatment of the cirrhotic population. The guidelines recommend that for patients with cirrhosis, aggressive antiviral therapy is required regardless of whether they are compensated or not, and regardless of age, ALT levels and HBeAg, even for HBV DNA levels without evaluation. In adults without cirrhosis, those older than 30 years with persistently elevated ALT (no specific value) and HBV DNA above 20,000 IU/l should also be treated with antiviral therapy. The importance of close testing is emphasized for those who do not require treatment for the time being. It is recommended that patients without clinical evidence of cirrhosis, with persistently normal alanine aminotransferases and low levels of hepatitis B virus replication do not require immediate treatment but should be monitored continuously. Again, tenofovir or entecavir is flagrantly recommended as a first-line drug. For first-line drug selection, the guidelines flagrantly recommend only the nucleoside (acid) analogs tenofovir or entecavir, which have a high resistance barrier. Entecavir is also recommended for children aged 2-11 years (the age of indication for entecavir drug instructions is for adults aged 16 years or older). Nucleoside (acid) analogs (lamivudine, adefovir, and tipifudine) are not recommended because of the potential for drug resistance given the low resistance barrier. Interferon-based antiviral drugs are also not recommended. Currently, tenofovir or entecavir, the two recommended drugs for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, are available in China, but health insurance reimbursement policies for these drugs are uneven across the country. WHO calls on the Chinese government to act quickly to make these drugs affordable to those who need them most in order to reduce the incidence of liver cancer. In addition, the guidelines strongly recommend lifelong antiviral therapy for patients with cirrhosis. The guidelines strongly recommend lifelong nucleoside (acid) analog therapy for patients with cirrhosis. For non-cirrhotic patients who can be followed closely over time to monitor for disease activity, consolidation of therapy for at least 1 year after conversion to hepatitis B e antigen and serologic conversion to hepatitis B e antibody (in patients who are initially hepatitis B e antigen positive), with persistent normal alanine aminotransferase and persistent hepatitis B viral DNA below the limit of detection (if hepatitis B viral DNA levels are detectable); and if hepatitis B virus DNA cannot be detected, patients who show a persistent negative hepatitis B surface antigen and who have been on consolidation therapy for at least 1 year may be considered for discontinuation of nucleoside (acid) analogue therapy. However, retreatment is required once viral reactivation (HBsAg or/and HBeAg or/and HBV DNA conversion or/and ALT elevation) occurs. These recommendations in the WHO Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B provide an opportunity to save lives, improve clinical outcomes for patients with chronic hepatitis B, reduce hepatitis B morbidity and transmission, and reduce discrimination against patients, and are a reference for policy makers and program implementers in low- and middle-income countries. It is a practical treatment specification for primary care physicians in less developed areas.