Diagnosis and treatment of hepatic hemangioma

Diagnosis】 1. Medical history: Ask about the time of onset, the process of onset, the means and results of previous examinations. Whether there is distension and discomfort in the upper abdomen or right upper abdomen, whether there is a feeling of fullness after eating and drinking, regurgitation and poor appetite, etc. The presence of abdominal masses. Ask if there is a history of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and alcoholic cirrhosis, and if there is a history of oral contraceptives for women of childbearing age. 2, physical examination: pay attention to the presence of abdominal masses, manifestations of portal hypertension. Jaundice may appear in a few patients with compression of the bile duct. The presence of purpura and bleeding spots. Note the size and shape of the liver and the presence of tremors on palpation. Vascular murmur can be heard on auscultation of a few masses. 3. Tests: Check routine blood, stool (including stool occult blood), routine urine and liver function, coagulation four, etc. Check serological tests such as AFP, CA19-9 and CEA and hepatitis B antigen and hepatitis C antibody to rule out primary or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver. Find out whether there is thrombocytopenia and coagulation mechanism disorder (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome). 4.B ultrasound: small hemangiomas appear as round or elliptical hyperechoic masses without acoustic corona, within which spaced fine tubular or dotted echogenic areas are visible in a sieve-like pattern with clear, sharp, relief-like borders; larger hemangiomas are round or irregular mixed echogenic occupancies. Color Doppler mostly does not easily detect blood flow signal. 5.CT: The plain scan shows low-density foci with smooth edges; after enhancement, early edge enhancement, nodular-like or cloudy flocculent, expanding from the periphery to the center, and the foci are isointense or slightly high-density filled in the delayed scan. If there is a hypodense area in the center of the scan, there is no filling performance. MRI: T1WI shows round or elliptical low signal with clear and sharp border, T2WI shows obvious high signal, which becomes “bright gun sign”. The signal of large lesions is often inhomogeneous, in which lower signal or mixed signal can be seen. Treatment] Most hemangiomas do not have the possibility of malignant transformation or spontaneous rupture, therefore, asymptomatic hemangiomas do not require treatment and can be followed up regularly. In cases of rapid enlargement or consideration of malignancy, combined with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome or disseminated intravascular coagulation, surgical resection should be performed. Large hemangiomas with significant symptoms of pressure on adjacent organs, such as abdominal distension and pain, or interference with eating, may also be surgically removed if other possible causes of symptoms are excluded. Surgery is mostly performed by enucleation with excision along the tumor border. The relationship between hemangiomas and oral contraceptives is unclear, and discontinuation of contraceptives may be recommended for female patients with large or symptomatic tumors. There is no evidence to confirm the long-term efficacy of hepatic artery embolization chemotherapy, and the method requires repeated treatment and has the potential to cause bile duct injury and recalcitrant liver abscesses; therefore, it is mostly discouraged. Steroid hormone or radiation therapy is also not advocated.