Cysts of the vaginal wall are the most common of the benign vaginal tumors. No glands are present in the normal vagina, but occasionally isolated vagal crypts can be found, and as a result, fluid-containing retention cysts that are not redundant or hyperplastic tumors. Usually the cystic epithelium originates from the embryonic Mullerian ducts, mesonephric ducts and urogenital sinuses. Ovarian coronary longitudinal duct cysts originate from the deeds of the Mullerian ducts. Diagnosis】 Small cysts located in the anterolateral wall of the vagina are not difficult to diagnose. Those that are large and protrude from the vaginal opening or between the labia are not difficult to identify, although they are shaped like a bladder bulge, but they are not seen to shrink after urination, or when a metal catheter is inserted while squeezing the base of the cyst with a finger, the catheter is felt to be at a certain distance from the cyst. Cysts located in the posterior vaginal fornix should be distinguished from hernia of the rectal fossa of the uterus, which increases in size when coughing or shrinks or even disappears when pushing up with the finger; and when the patient is asked to apply abdominal pressure during triage, there can be a sensation of bulging and bulging of the vaginal rectal compartment, which is caused by intestinal curvature entering the hernia sac of the rectal fossa of the vagina due to abdominal pressure, while vaginal cysts do not have the above changes. Cysts located in the lower 1/2 of the anterior vaginal wall must be differentiated from urethral diverticula and urethral gland abscesses. The latter two also form a vaginal bulge, but both are connected to the urethra and when pressed forward with the hand, urine or pus can be seen to flow from the urethra. Small cysts located on the posterior vaginal wall near the hymen are mostly inclusion cysts. They must also be distinguished from double uterus, double vaginal anomalies, and atresia of one side of the vagina with menstrual blood retention. This is extremely rare. The patient has menstruation, but the dysmenorrhea is progressively worse and the cyst formed on one side of the vagina is more tense and purple in color. Local puncture is possible if necessary. Treatment measures】 Surgical excision is the mainstay. If the cyst is not too high, surgery is not difficult, but care must be taken not to injure the urethra or bladder during the peeling process. If the tumor is large and located deep in the fornix and extends into the broad ligament, it is impossible to remove it completely through the vagina, and even simultaneous surgery through the abdomen is very difficult. Some authors believe that if the residual cyst wall is scraped with a spatula and the edges of its stump are stitched together with the corresponding edges of the vaginal mucosal incision, and then the vagina is filled with gauze to compress the residual cystic cavity, it is possible to make the residual cyst wall completely adhere and close, and even if it cannot adhere and close, it will not swell up again. Clinical manifestations] The cysts may be segmented or numerous in size, generally 2 to 3 cm in diameter, smooth and fixed in appearance, and cystic in nature when touched. These cysts are often small and not clinically significant, but occasionally they can grow very large and cause difficulty in intercourse or painful intercourse, or even obstruct childbirth, and sometimes they press on the bladder triangle and cause increased urination. In rare cases, its elongated cord-like tip can cause twisting and obstruction of the intestinal canal. The contents of the cysts are mostly watery, plasma or milky liquid, but also dark brown in color. Its color and viscosity vary depending on the presence or absence of intracapsular bleeding and the amount of bleeding.