HPV is a DNA virus, and humans are the only host of HPV. HPV enters the mucous membrane of the body’s skin and is mainly latent in the basal cells within the epidermis, and causes disease when the time is right. So far, scientists have discovered that there are more than 60 subtypes of HPV, and different subtypes cause different diseases. HPV virus detection methods: 1. Histopathological examination: keratinized cells and concave hollow cells are visible. The accuracy rate is 80-90%. 2. Immunohistochemical examination of anti-HPV capsid antigens: The tissue HPV antigens are checked with polyclonal antibodies produced after HPV immunization of animals. The peroxidase anti-peroxidase method (i.e. PAP) is commonly used to show the viral protein within the wart to prove that there are viral antigens in the wart damage. hpv protein positive, the superficial epithelial cells of the condyloma acuminata can appear in the light red weak positive reaction.) There are also PAAP and ABC methods. The test rate is low, the sensitivity is not high, the typing is not possible, the positivity rate is 40-60%. 3, genetic diagnosis: (1) poly and enzyme chain reaction: the development of the PCR method has the advantages of specificity, sensitivity, simplicity and rapidity, opening up new ways for HPV detection. Detection of HPV by PCR method is superior to nucleic acid hybridization method. Its sensitivity is high. In the GP-PCR method, if the results are analyzed directly by gel electrophoresis, 200 copies of HPVDNA can be detected in the specimen, and if the PCR products are detected by nucleic acid hybridization, the sensitivity is increased and 10 copies of HPVDNA can be detected. The secretions and cells are taken from the vagina and ectocervix by scraping plate or saline-impregnated cotton swabs. While performing cytology, the specimen was placed in 5 ml of PBS containing 0.05% thimerosal, washed twice with PBS by centrifugation (3000 g, 10 min), the deposited cells were resuspended in 1 ml of PBS, and 0.5 ml of cell suspension was taken for DNA extraction. PCR assays revealed specific HPV-DNA amplification bands. Given the high sensitivity of the PCR technique, the use of genital tract exfoliated cells as the test material is sufficient to meet the requirements of the test, avoiding the tedious operation of biopsy sampling and grinding tissue. In general, PCR amplification products are subjected to gel electrophoresis, and the resulting DNA can be observed to make a direct diagnosis. Therefore, the PCR technique for HPV detection is short, simple and fast. The disadvantage is that it cannot be localized and it is not known whether the virus is alive or dead. It is prone to false positives. It can continue to be positive for a considerable period of time after healing. Specificity also gradually decreased. (2) DNA hybridization method: HPVDNA molecular hybridization techniques. Such as PCK method. EGFR immunostaining method. Immunostaining method (fluorescence microscope 400 times can see more than 3 fluorescent spots as positive). Can be typed, nucleic acid hybridization can detect HPV-DNA related sequences, PCR test can be seen specific HPV-DNA amplification region band. However, it is cumbersome and expensive. Certain equipment and conditions are required. 4, histochemical examination: a small amount of lesion tissue smear, stained with specific anti-human papilloma virus antibodies. If there is viral antigen in the lesion, the antigen-antibody combination. In the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method, the nucleus can be stained red. This method is specific and more rapid, which is helpful for diagnosis. 5, cytological detection: with – wart tissue smear to do Pap stain, visible two kinds of cells, namely, vacuolated cells and keratinized cells. It can be diagnosed. 6, local experimental method: toluidine blue test: 1% toluidine blue coated warts or around the normal skin after drying with 1% acetic acid decolorization, still stained for positive. See in the tumor or condyloma acuminata patients. 7, transmission electron microscopy detection: keratinocyte positive rate bottom. 25-45%. Can be combined with colposcopy, magnification examination. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on a lot of things. As long as the regular medical institutions testing, are generally more accurate. HPV negative means that when the HPV test is negative, it means that you are not infected with HPV virus; if the test is positive, it means that you are infected with HPV virus. This is the time to go to a regular hospital and seek medical attention immediately.