Hepatic hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the liver, accounting for 2%-7.4% of the incidence of the whole tumor of the liver, clinically divided into smaller capillary hemangioma and larger cavernous hemangioma. Cavernous hemangioma of liver (CHL) is more common in females, mostly occurs in 30-70 years old, and the incidence rate of male and female is 1:6. I. Etiology and Pathology: Zhang Feng, Oncology Center, Shandong Provincial Thoracic Hospital 1, Etiology: Cavernous hemangioma of liver is an obstacle or abnormality of vascular tissues of the mesoderm in the process of embryonic development. Both tumor blood vessels and peritumoral vascular lumen are abnormally enlarged, and there is no smooth muscle in the wall. (1) Most tumors are solitary, and about 10% are multiple. (2) Some multiple cases may occur simultaneously in the liver, kidney, spleen, ovaries, uterus, and other organs. (3) In females, it may be more closely related to sex hormones such as estrogen, with an earlier age of onset in females, and rapid enlargement of the tumor during pregnancy. Pathology: (1) In terms of gross morphology, hepatic cavernous hemangioma varies in size, with the diameter of the tumor more than less than 4 cm, and the large one is reported to be up to 63 cm, weighing 18 Kg. (2) It has a reddish or purplish-blue color in appearance, and is soft in texture, with large blood vessels on the surface, and can be seen to be lobulated. In the section view, it is spongy, and there is a large amount of venous blood in the dilated vascular sinusoidal cavity, and thrombosis and occasional calcification can be seen in some of them. (3) Under the light microscope, hepatic cavernous hemangioma consisted entirely of blood-filled blood sinusoids, the medial wall was lined with flat epithelium, and new and old thrombi were seen in the lumen. Between the blood sinusoids, there are uneven thickness of fibrous septa. There is a complete fibrous envelope outside, which is clearly demarcated from normal tissues. Clinical manifestations: most hepatic cavernous hemangiomas have insidious onset, and there are no clinical symptoms in those with diameter less than 4cm; about 40% of hemangiomas larger than 4cm have symptoms, and some of the cases are found during physical examination or imaging examination for other diseases. (1) Common symptoms include dull pain in the liver area, epigastric discomfort, abdominal distension, loss of appetite, and in a few cases, nausea, vomiting or prolonged low-grade fever. Obstructive jaundice and biliary colic may occur when the mass compresses adjacent tissues. Spontaneous rupture may cause acute abdominal symptoms. (2) Clinical classification: hidden type, abdominal mass type, internal bleeding type, tumor compression type. III: Imaging manifestations: 1, hepatic vascular pool imaging; 2, CT scan; 3, ultrasonography; 4, MR examination; 5, angiography. Interventional therapy: (I) Indications: 1. Diameter greater than 5cm, with obvious discomfort symptoms; 2. Tumor has obvious tendency to increase in the short term; 3. Tumor has the possibility of rupture; 4. Interventional therapy before surgery in order to shrink or harden the tumor and reduce intraoperative bleeding; 5. Tumor is huge or the tumor grows in the hepatic hilar area and compresses the bile ducts and causes obstruction. (II) Contraindications: (1) Liver and kidney failure; (2) Serious bleeding tendency; (3) Patients with iodine allergy. (C) Interventional instruments: arterial catheters, catheter sheaths, embolization materials: 1, super-liquefied iodine oil: usually mixed with pingyangmycin or mitomycin embolization. 2, anhydrous alcohol; 3, sodium cod liver oil acid; 4, gelatin sponge particles; 5, PVA particles. 7, spring steel ring. (D) Interventional operation: the treatment of hepatic hemangioma is to puncture the femoral artery after local anesthesia, send the catheter into the hepatic artery, and perform hepatic arteriography through the catheter to clarify the location of the lesion and the source of blood supply, and then the catheter is super-selectively inserted into the artery supplying blood to the hemangioma, and then after confirming that it is correct, the treatment is carried out by embolization with ultra-liquefied iodine oil + pinyonomycin, and the other materials mentioned above are seldom used. The treatment is usually successful in one session. For larger ones, 2 to 3 times may be necessary for complete cure. (E) Precautions: 1. The catheter must be inserted into the hepatic artery, avoiding the gastroduodenal and cholecystic arteries, and superselected as far as possible; 2. Appropriate selection of embolic agents and embolizing chemotherapeutic agents, such as bleomycin, pinyonomycin, iodized oil, gelatin sponge particles, PVA particles, and spring steel coils are not usually selected; 3. Slow low-pressure insufflation with syringes less than 5 ml.4. For diameters larger than 10 cm, a divided embolization is required for the treatment. (F) Evaluation of therapeutic effect: Compared with surgery, interventional therapy for hepatic hemangioma is relatively safe, without incision, with little injury, good effect, fast recovery, and generally without complications after surgery. The patient can be discharged from hospital in 2-3 days after treatment.