Pneumothorax is a common internal medical emergency. Pneumothorax results when air enters the pleural cavity after a rupture of the pleura occurs for various reasons. If the pneumothorax is large and is not corrected in time, it may lead to serious complications and may eventually be life-threatening. Pneumothorax can be divided into three types: closed, open and tension. Among them, tension pneumothorax is relatively serious. After the occurrence of pneumothorax, the pressure in the pleural cavity increases, and in cases with particularly severe symptoms, it may even change from normal negative pressure to positive pressure, so that the lungs are compressed and the respiratory function is affected. When the impact on respiratory function is significant, a condition of oxygen deprivation occurs in the body, and severe oxygen deprivation can lead to death. In addition, when the pressure in the chest cavity rises sharply, the blood flow from the veins back to the heart will be blocked, triggering cardiac dysfunction, and the ejection function of the heart will also be affected to some extent, which may also cause death. After a patient has a pneumothorax, if the gas compression of the pneumothorax is less than 30% of the lung tissue, the symptoms are mild, and generally conservative treatment, bed rest is sufficient, and high concentration oxygen can be administered if necessary. If the gas in the chest cavity is greater than 30%, further measures, such as placement of closed chest drains, are required.