Pneumothorax is a very dangerous disease that can cause death, but the specifics vary from person to person. Pneumothorax is a state in which air enters the pleural cavity and accumulates in the pleural cavity due to chest injury, underlying lung disease, pulmonary maculopathy, etc. It is divided into spontaneous pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax and open pneumothorax, and patients mainly suffer from chest pain and difficulty in breathing. Among them, tension pneumothorax has the greatest risk and the highest mortality rate, but if the pneumothorax can be cured after timely and correct treatment, so generally the pneumothorax will not cause death. However, if the pneumothorax is caused by extensive congenital pulmonary maculopathy, it may cause death by asphyxia. In addition, when pneumothorax occurs especially in tension pneumothorax, the mortality rate of patients is higher when the pressure in the chest cavity is not relieved quickly. In conclusion, patients who develop pneumothorax are advised to actively cooperate with treatment, rest in bed as much as possible, talk less, avoid substantial exercise, and prevent infection at the same time.