The age of high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B is different from other common chronic diseases. For example, chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension occur mostly in middle-aged and elderly people, and most of these people are past their reproductive age and do not have the conflicting problem of medication and fertility. On the contrary, the age of onset of chronic hepatitis B is young and middle-aged people, and a big problem faced by these people is the reality of antiviral treatment and childbirth. This includes women of childbearing age as well as men of childbearing age; it includes planning a pregnancy and the choice of anti-HB virus treatment drugs, and also how to deal with an unplanned pregnancy in the process of anti-HB virus. We all know that antiviral therapy is the most fundamental and important treatment strategy for chronic hepatitis B. One of the real problems facing antiviral therapy is its long-term nature, enormity and complexity, and its treatment time frame is measured in years. Can a woman with active hepatitis B survive this difficult October pregnancy? What is the impact of hepatitis activity on fetal development? For men and women of childbearing age with chronic hepatitis B, should they have children first or be treated first? Is it safe to give anti-hepatitis B virus treatment during pregnancy? For men and women on antiviral therapy, should the pregnancy be terminated if there is an unexpected pregnancy or should the pregnancy be continued after changing the treatment strategy? How to reduce vertical mother-to-child transmission and reduce or interrupt hepatitis B virus infection in newborns? Is it a cesarean section or a natural delivery? Should the newborn be breastfed or artificially fed after birth? How to solve the above series of complex and realistic problems? I gave a presentation on this issue at the recently concluded annual meeting of the Guangdong Medical Association on Infectious Diseases on May 22, 2010, and held a special discussion on this series of problems. With the continuous accumulation of clinical knowledge of our hepatologists and our in-depth knowledge of the frontiers of clinical research at home and abroad, we are confident that we can balance these contradictions and allow patients to overcome them with minimal risk and maximum benefit.