In recent years, the sexual maturation of children is advancing worldwide, and the treatment of children with precocious puberty is a focus of attention for parents and pediatric endocrinologists. What are the characteristics of precocious puberty in children? What are the risks of precocious puberty in children? What are the factors that cause it? How should parents pay attention to precocious puberty in children? Precocious puberty in children is mainly characterized by the early appearance of secondary sexual characteristics in children. Generally, girls have menstruation before the age of 8 and have breast and pubic hair development or boys have testicular development before the age of 9 to 10, these characteristics are important manifestations of precocious puberty. As the weather gets warmer, the number of outpatient clinics for precocious puberty increases dramatically. Parents are most likely to notice signs of early development in their children as clothing starts to get thin during this season. The vast majority of children who come to the hospital with precocious puberty do not need treatment and are pseudo-precocious. These children have only partial early development of sexual characteristics, but no maturation of sexual functions. What really needs treatment, however, is true precocious puberty. These children have premature onset of central puberty due to early awakening of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and secretion of relevant hormones. The most important concern of parents of children with precocious puberty is that their children will not grow taller. Not all children with precocious puberty do not grow taller, but some children have normal skeletal development and their epiphyses do not close early, which will not affect their height when they grow up. Only those children whose skeletal development is too fast, whose growth cycle is significantly shortened, who do not have enough time to develop, and whose epiphyses close early along with their development will be affected by their adult height and will grow up to be shorter than the average child. From the speed of breast development to the first menstruation, children with true precocious puberty can be divided into three types: fast progressing, slow progressing and delayed growth. Rapidly progressive patients have their first menstruation within a year and a half or even less after breast development; as the disease progresses, skeletal maturation accelerates and epiphysis fuses earlier, and eventually height is significantly affected. Slowly progressive patients have a slower developmental rate and a more moderate tendency of accelerated skeletal growth and early maturation, and their final height is relatively less adversely affected. In the delayed growth type, the sexual development is advanced, but the linear growth of the skeleton is relatively delayed, and there may be obstacles in the skeletal growth chain, and the final height of such children is obviously short. Therefore, early detection and treatment are needed. Environment, nutrition and education – three major factors that trigger precocious puberty in children Regarding the factors that trigger precocious puberty in children, the first is the current environmental pollution. Many factories discharge harmful substances into the environment, and the pollutants they produce are very similar to estrogen and are called ‘estrogen-like pollutants’. They can remain in vegetables, fruits and meat foods, and children who eat such foods can contribute to rapid body development. Secondly, modern children are over-nourished, and some parents also give their children some supplements, but in fact, as long as they eat three normal meals every day and eat more fruits and vegetables nutrition is enough, over-nutrition can also cause premature sexual development in children. The most easily ignored reason by parents is the cultural education of children. Bad information on TV, movies, and the Internet can easily enter children’s vision, and some bad footage can easily stimulate children’s hypothalamus pituitary gland to release gonadotropins, making children develop early. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to the development of the child when bathing and changing clothes. Some girls will tell their mothers about breast pain and other conditions when their breasts start to develop, and they should seek medical attention as soon as abnormalities are detected.