With the continuous improvement of people’s living standard, the incidence of gallbladder stones in China reaches more than 10% and is increasing year by year. It is believed that gallstones are associated with “4F” or “5F”, i.e. Fat, Female, over 40 years old (Forty) and family history (Family), or in combination with decreased estrogen levels (Fall of estrogen). Fall of estrogen). The main function of the biliary system is to transport, store, concentrate and excrete bile. If there is a variation in its anatomy or bile composition, solid crystals of gallstones can form anywhere in the biliary system. There are three common types of gallstones: cholesterol stones, bile pigment stones, and mixed stones. Mechanisms of stone formation: 1. Increased cholesterol content. This bile is cholesterol supersaturated bile, i.e. lithogenic bile; 2. The content of unconjugated bilirubin. The conjugated bilirubin secreted from the liver is not easily hydrolyzed. However, in the event of infection, bacteria produce a large amount of very active glucuronidase, which produces a large amount of unconjugated bilirubin; it combines with calcium ions to form calcium bilirubin, which then precipitates and forms stones; 3. Core effect. Parasites, foreign bodies, bacterial inflammatory cells, shed epithelium, mucus and complexes formed with calcium ions can form a core, and then the solid components of the bile precipitate around this core; 4, coagulation. Glycoproteins are associated with E. coli infection and form a framework in gallstones that agglutinates particles such as bilirubin and cholesterol with a strong agglutinating effect and considers the production of sulfate glycoproteins; 5. The role of metal ions. Calcium salts are one of the important components of gallstone formation, and also play a central role in the stone formation process. Calcium salts are available in various forms such as calcium bilirubinate, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. When the content of calcium in gallstones is greater than 4%, x-ray cannot be transmitted, called x-ray positive stones; less than 4% is x-ray negative stones. Finding ways to reduce the concentration of calcium and other metal ions in the bile may be one of the effective ways to prevent and treat gallstones. The common factors of stone formation are: 1. physical and chemical changes of bile, long-term high protein, high fat, high calorie diet increases cholesterol in the body or the amount of cholesterol synthesized by the liver, resulting in supersaturation of cholesterol in bile, or certain intestinal diseases due to the loss of bile salts, which also put cholesterol in a relatively supersaturated state; 2. stagnation of bile, such as abnormalities of the gallbladder and bile duct morphology resulting in poor bile excretion; 3. Life habits, love of static but not moving, not eating on time or not eating breakfast, blind dieting to lose weight or sweet food; 4, certain hemolytic diseases or liver stiffness can also lead to gallbladder stones, but most of these stones are black stones; 5, due to pregnancy-induced bile stagnation, nervous system balance imbalance, can also cause gallbladder stones; 6, long-term fasting, intravenous nutrition, can lead to bile stagnation in the gallbladder, stone 7, most of the gastric resection or vagus nerve stem cut, can also delay the emptying of the gallbladder, facilitating the formation of gallstones; 8, some drugs can make gallstone disease easy to occur. Such as oral contraceptives, estrogen, pentoxifylline, long-acting growth inhibitor agonists, Antomin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, ampicillin, fiber derivatives, and thiazide diuretics.