1. Brief history The patient is a 48-year-old male who came to our hospital in October 2002 with a left neck mass found for more than 7 months. The patient was diagnosed as “diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” by Anyang Cancer Hospital, People’s Hospital of North Medical University and Military Medical Academy after biopsy of the left neck mass found in April 2002. He was given 6 courses of chemotherapy at Anyang Cancer Hospital, but the effect was poor. He came to our hospital for autologous stem cell transplantation in order to seek radical cure and long-term remission. Physical examination: general condition was acceptable, no anemia, no abnormal heart and lung auscultation, enlarged lymph node about 3cm×5cm could be palpated in the left supraclavicular fossa, tough, poorly mobile, partially fused, no tenderness. The lymph nodes of soy size were palpable in the right side of the neck, mobile and painless to touch. The rest were not abnormal. The left supraclavicular fossa was fused into a mass with clear border and uneven internal echogenicity, the largest being 44mm×22mm, and the right supraclavicular fossa was 15mm×11mm. The largest of them was 14mm×6mm, with clear circumference and heterogeneous internal echogenicity. No enlarged lymph nodes were seen in the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneum, and there was no abnormality in blood count, liver or kidney function. Diagnosis: refractory recurrent diffuse large B-cell malignant lymphoma stage IV. 2. Pre-transplantation treatment Pre-transplantation treatment was started after admission to the hospital to complete all examinations. 2.1 Local area radiotherapy: zonal field 60CO irradiation, ranging from 1000 to 3000 cGY. 2000cGY for whole cervical lymphatic area, 3000cGY for left upper and lower clavicle; 2000cGY for each bilateral axilla; 2000cGY for right upper and lower clavicle; 2000cGY for splenic area; 2000cGY for mediastinum; 1000cG for both inguinal regions; 400cGY for left and right anterior superior iliac spine; 1000cGY for whole skull; 1000cGY for pharyngeal lymphatic ring. 2.2 Pre-transplant chemotherapy. MAE regimen: mitoxantrone 20mg/d×2; cytarabine 200mg/d×5; pedialyte glycoside 150mg/d×5. The white blood cell dropped to 0 on the 3rd day after chemotherapy, and a variety of complications occurred, such as multiple lung abscess, septic necrotizing nasal infection and nasal mid-diaphragm perforation, fungal infection, gastrointestinal dysfunction and intractable diarrhea. The patients were basically cured after active treatment. 3. Stem cell mobilization and collection 3.1 Stem cell mobilization: Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization was performed from March 31 to April 6, 2003, using Wheeler blood 300ug×7, injected subcutaneously. After mobilization, the peripheral blood leukocytes: 19.1×109/L, peripheral blood classification: early granulocytes 1%; middle granulocytes 1%; late granulocytes 2%; the effect of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization was satisfactory. 3.2 Hematopoietic stem cell collection method: In order to ensure the amount of stem cells collected and the implantation after transfusion, two methods of collecting peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells were used. Peripheral blood stem cell collection: the number of peripheral blood single nucleated cells (MNC) collected: 6.1×108/kg, CD34+ cells: 3.24×106/kg; marrow stem cell collection: marrow volume: 360ml, MNC: 0.8×108/kg; peripheral blood stem cells mixed with bone marrow-derived stem cells, the total number of MNC reached: 6.8×108/kg, the quantity was satisfactory. And stem cell purification was performed. 4. Pretreatment Immediately after collection, the patient was admitted to the sterile laminar flow room for pretreatment, and the protocol was adopted: MAEC protocol: MAEC protocol (2003.4.7-4.9): mitoxantrone 15mg×3; cyclophosphamide 2.0/d×2; cytarabine 2.0/d×2; pedialyte glycoside 1.0/d×1. At the same time, mesna, tachyzoate and other adequate hydration, alkalinization and other symptomatic treatment, and continuous discharge of low specific gravity, alkaline urine. The pretreatment process went smoothly without complications such as hemorrhagic cystitis, and the hematopoietic stem cells were returned immediately after the pretreatment. 5.Chinese medicine treatment After stem cell transfusion, symptomatic and Chinese medicine treatment was carried out. The Chinese medicine was based on the principle of nourishing liver and kidney, benefiting Qi and nourishing blood: 9g of red ginseng, 30g of astragalus, 20g of chicken blood vine, 20g of yellow essence, 20g of angelica, 20g of white peony, 15g of deer horn gum, 15g of each of jiao san xian, 10g of roasted licorice, 1 dose daily with water decoction. 6. Post-transplantation effect Blood routine was checked on day 2 (+2d) after transplantation: WBC 0.5×109/L, Hb 112g/L, plat 51×109/L, +12d WBC decreased to 0.05×109/L, Hb 94g/L, plat: 15×109/L; G-CSF, platelets 1 unit, and 2 units of suppressed red blood cells were given for transfusion. Hematopoietic function started to recover at +20d, and at +26d, blood was checked: WBC2.5×109/L, Hb99g/L, Plat56× tissue part 109/L; discharged from the laminar flow room at +27d. The primary foci in the neck were significantly smaller (10×7mm) on re-examination at +33d after transplantation compared to the pre-transplantation period, and ultrasound of both axillary areas of the right neck showed the disappearance of the original enlarged lymph nodes. Malignant lymphoma is a malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue, and autologous bone marrow transplantation has become one of the main means of treating malignant lymphoma, especially non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) (1), domestic and foreign literature shows that malignant lymphoma responds poorly to first-line drug therapy, and patients with relapsed moderate to high grade NHL are rarely durable, although the efficiency of common treatment regimens can reach 20-60%. Gale et al. pointed out (2) that the 2-year survival rate of more than a thousand such patients in the literature is <5%, and that autologous bone marrow transplantation can significantly improve the long-term survival rate of such patients. There is not a complete agreement on whether autologous bone marrow transplantation should be done in the first complete remission period for moderate to highly malignant NHL. Freedman et al. (3) recently reported a study in which a total of 16 cases of stage III-IV diffuse moderate and high malignancy B-cell NHL were selected for complete remission and 10 cases for partial remission after induction chemotherapy, pretreated with total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide, resulting in no transplant-related deaths and retreatment after transplantation. The DFS was as high as 85% at 28 months. It is believed that the use of autologous bone marrow transplantation as consolidation therapy after achieving complete remission in NHL with a high degree of relapse can significantly improve the long-term survival rate of such patients. We actively adopt a combination of Chinese and Western medicine in the transplantation process. After stem cell transfusion back, oral Chinese medicine nourishes liver and kidney, benefits Qi and blood, which can obviously promote the recovery of hematopoietic and immune functions, shorten the anaplastic phase and reduce the occurrence of various complications.