The factors of primary osteoporosis vary according to the type of osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is mainly caused by a dramatic decrease in estrogen levels in women, while senile osteoporosis is mainly due to a significant decrease in osteogenic capacity and loss of “coupling” between osteoblasts and osteoclasts as a result of aging. The prevalent factors of osteoporosis include genetic factors (relatives with osteoporosis or fracture), insufficient calcium intake, lack of proper exercise and sports, insufficient sunlight, early menopause in women, long-term steroid medication, smoking or excessive alcohol consumption, low body weight, chronic diseases of other organs such as liver and kidney diseases, gastrointestinal malabsorption, hyperthyroidism, etc. The clinical manifestations of osteoporosis mainly include 1. pain: the most common site is low back pain, other areas include joint pain in the limbs, heel pain and radiating pain, numbness and tingling sensation in some limbs, etc. 2, height shortening or hunchback: usually the more severe the osteoporosis, the lower the position of the apex of the hunchback, and the more severe the hunchback. 3. Fracture: Due to the increased brittleness of bones, osteoporosis patients can suffer from fracture due to slight external force, i.e. osteoporotic fracture. Common sites include the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, the distal radius and the proximal femur. Osteoporotic fractures seriously endanger the health and even the lives of middle-aged and elderly people, and impose a heavy burden on society due to the cost of prevention and treatment and the dependence of patients on family members. Scientific and effective prevention and treatment of osteoporosis should be comprehensive. Firstly, we should pay attention to the disease and its harmful effects ideologically, bearing in mind that “it is never too early and never too late to prevent and treat osteoporosis”. Secondly, we should develop scientific habits of life and reasonable diet, such as moderate exercise, appropriate amount of sunlight, a glass of fresh milk daily, etc.; medication for osteoporosis includes hormone replacement therapy, diphosphonates (such as solid help, Fosamax, Eflornithine, Bondolin), calcitonin (such as MIGA), fluoride, vitamin D preparations, calcium preparations, Chinese medicine, etc. The above drugs are classified according to their different drug The above drugs are divided into three categories according to their different pharmacological characteristics: inhibition of bone resorption, promotion of bone formation and bone mineralization, therefore, the treatment should be based on the type of osteoporosis of the patient to choose reasonable therapeutic drugs; non-pharmacological treatment includes exercise therapy, physical therapy such as electromagnetic field therapy instrument.