Varicocele is a common condition that is characterized by a decrease in semen quality after testicular function is affected, leading to male infertility; poor blood return in the varicose vessels, leading to scrotal swelling and painful discomfort. The presence of these problems requires consideration of surgical treatment, as there is no widely accepted pharmacological treatment option. The preoperative examination evaluation should include standardized and standardized semen analysis (duration of abstinence, viability, vitality, degree of malformation, etc.), proper ultrasonography (testicular size and texture, internal diameter of varicose vessels, degree of reflux, etc.). There are currently several methods of surgical treatment: traditional open surgery (scratching the knife), laparoscopic surgery (perforation), microsurgery. The purpose of all surgeries is to ligate the varicose unhealthy blood vessels, eliminate reflux, improve blood circulation to the testes, and promote spermatogenic function of the testes. Microsurgery is done under a medical operating microscope, not simply by wearing a surgical magnifying glass, but simply by using the same equipment and instruments used for “finger replantation”. The operation is usually performed with a magnification of 10 times, together with special equipment for determining blood vessels, preserving the testicular artery (about 1 mm in diameter) and lymphatic vessels, and completely ligating the unhealthy blood vessels around the testicle (inside and outside the spermatic cord, testicular drainage, tethered branches, etc.). It has been widely used in developed countries in Europe and the United States. The main advantages are low recurrence rate, few long-term complications (scrotal sphingomyelia, testicular atrophy), quick recovery of patients after surgery (resuming normal diet 4-6 hours after surgery and being discharged overnight), and more concealed incision (above the scrotum, within the area of body hair). After spermatozoa surgery, it is necessary to avoid strenuous exercise in the early stages and it is recommended to wear tight, breathable and elastic underwear to protect the scrotum. Considering the growth pattern of human sperm, the semen routine is usually rechecked 3 months after surgery.