Thyroid nodules are classified into 6 grades according to thyroid morphology, nodule borders, foci of calcification, aspect ratio, and blood flow abundance. The first three grades are generally benign, the last two grades are more likely to be malignant, and grade 4 nodules are more likely to be benign but also malignant, with a risk of between 3 and 10%. Whether a thyroid nodule is malignant or not requires a pathological puncture biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. If the puncture biopsy result is malignant, prompt removal is recommended, while if the nodule is benign, removal may not be necessary.
For diet, care should be taken to eat less spicy and irritating foods and less oily foods. It is also important to pay attention to cruciferous plants (such as cabbage, rape, radish, cabbage, etc.), which produce thiocyanate, which inhibits iodine uptake by the thyroid gland and reduces thyroxine secretion, making the thyroid gland susceptible to enlargement. However, some studies have shown that cruciferous vegetables have certain anti-tumor effects. Therefore, cruciferous vegetables can be eaten appropriately, but not in excess. After eating such vegetables, it is best not to eat fruits immediately; fruits will enhance the effect of thiocyanate.