Surgery is the main treatment for early-stage cervical cancer, and it is the first choice in China. However, what to do next after surgery, and under what circumstances additional radiotherapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy is needed, there are still different opinions among many doctors, and this phenomenon is even more confusing in primary hospitals, and even in some tertiary hospitals, which brings confusion to patients and families. The NCCN guidelines for the treatment of cervical cancer, which is the standard for the clinical management of cervical cancer commonly used worldwide today, contain detailed descriptions of the principles of postoperative complementary therapy for cervical cancer. According to the 2009 latest edition of the NCCN Cervical Clinical Practice Guidelines, the need for supplemental therapy after cervical cancer surgery, or the need for supplemental radiotherapy or chemotherapy, depends primarily on the surgical detection of high-risk factors and the stage of the disease. The specific principles are: 1. For patients with stage IA2, IB1 or IIA and small tumor size (4cm or <4cm) If the lymph nodes are found to be negative intraoperatively and there are no other high-risk factors, they can be closely observed. However, if high-risk factors (cervical tumor diameter >4 cm, interstitial infiltration more than 1/3 and/or choroidal infiltration) are identified pelvic radiotherapy (category 1 evidence) with (or without) cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy (chemotherapy as category 2B evidence). A randomized trial [Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG)92] found a lower recurrence rate in the postoperative radiotherapy group than in the “no further treatment group” (15% vs. 28%), and a significant 47% reduction in the risk of recurrence in the postoperative radiotherapy group on a life scale analysis. However, the difference in survival between the two groups was not statistically significant after a longer follow-up. 2. For patients with positive pelvic lymph nodes, positive cut margins or positive parametrial tissue postoperative pelvic radiotherapy plus concurrent chemotherapy containing cisplatin (Class 1 evidence) with (or without) vaginal brachytherapy should be given. Evidence suggests that patients with stage IA2, IB, or IIA with positive surgical findings of lymph nodes, positive cut margins, or microscopic invasion of parametrial tissue may benefit significantly from postoperative adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy plus 5-FU in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy. 3. For patients with distant metastases If positive intraoperative abdominal para-aortic lymph nodes are found, further chest CT or PET scans must be performed to clarify the presence or absence of other metastases. For patients with distant metastases, a biopsy at the suspected site should be considered whenever indicated to clarify the diagnosis. If all tests are negative, the patient should receive radiotherapy to the para-aortic lymph nodes plus cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy with (or without) brachytherapy. Those with distant metastases should receive systemic chemotherapy and individualized radiotherapy.