The treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma broadly includes surgical (hepatectomy, liver transplantation and palliative surgery), and non-surgical (local treatment, arterial chemoembolization, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biologic therapy and molecular targeted therapy). As far as current surgical techniques are concerned, tumor size is no longer a key limiting factor for surgery. The ability to resect and the efficacy of resection are not only related to tumor size and number, but also very closely related to liver function, degree of cirrhosis, tumor site, tumor boundary, presence of intact envelope and venous cancer thrombus. Liver resection methods include radical resection and palliative resection. Radical resection is defined as: ① no more than 2 tumors; ② no portal vein trunk and primary branches, common hepatic duct and primary branches, hepatic vein trunk and inferior vena cava cancer thrombus; ③ no intra- or extra-hepatic metastasis, complete resection of tumors seen by naked eye, no residual cancer at the cut edge; ④ no tumor residue in postoperative imaging, and serum AFP decreased to normal within 2 months of postoperative follow-up for those with positive preoperative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). General conditions of patients undergoing hepatectomy (required conditions): good general condition, no significant organic lesions of important organs such as heart, lung and kidney; normal liver function, or only mild impairment (Child-Pugh grade A), or liver function grade B, recovered to grade A after short-term liver care treatment; liver reserve function [such as indocyanine green 15-minute retention rate (ICGR15)] basically within the normal range The liver reserve function [e.g., indocyanine green 15-minute retention rate (ICGR15)] was basically within the normal range. Local lesions that can be radically hepatectomized must meet the following conditions: ① single hepatocellular carcinoma with smooth surface, clear surrounding boundaries or pseudo-envelope formation, 30% of liver tissue destroyed by the tumor but significant compensatory enlargement of the tumor-free side of the liver up to more than 50% of the whole liver tissue; ② multiple tumors, nodules.