I. The concept of psychosexual disorder.
Psychosexual disorder is also known as sexual perversion or sexual desire inversion. Psychosexual disorder is a general term for a group of sexual behavior disorders with abnormal behavior as the main way of sexual satisfaction. This person replaces normal sexual life with abnormal behavior in part or in whole. This person often has other psychological disorders in addition to psychosexual disorders. People with normal psychosexuality, biological and sociological gender is the same, sexual desire mature, choose the opposite sex partner, under the appropriate sexual stimulation, through the penis vaginal intercourse, to meet the sexual desire; the strength of sexual desire is also moderate. The psychosexual disorder is not, they may have the abnormality of recognizing their sexual identity, or the arousal of sexual desire, sexual object and the way of satisfying sexual desire are different from normal people, which constitute various kinds of sexual perversion. For the performance of psychosexual disorders, there is no uniform classification.
Second, the criteria for judging psychosexual disorders.
The judgment of the correctness of the psychosexual and sexual behavior, can only use relative standards, based on biological properties and sociological characteristics, combined with the general laws of perverted psychology and the specificity of sexual perversion for evaluation, including: the reality of social moral norms as a criterion; to biological characteristics as a criterion; to the impact on others or society as a criterion; to the impact on myself as a criterion.
Sexual dysfunction when there is a psychological disorder, temporary sexual life substitution behavior caused by the situation, sexual perversion secondary to certain psychiatric and neurological diseases are collectively referred to as secondary sexual perversion, and should not be diagnosed as psychosexual disorder.
Third, the classification of psychosexual disorders.
In the International Classification of Diseases issued by the World Health Organization, the psychosexual disorders include identity disorders, sexual preference disorders and sexual orientation-related psychological and behavioral disorders.
1, sexual orientation disorders: homosexuality, fetishism, necrophilia, pedophilia.
2, sexual preference disorders: cross-dressing disorder, exhibitionism, voyeurism, friction disorder, sadism, masochism.
3, sexual identity disorder: easy sex disorder.
4.Other: oral sex disorder, fetish disorder, urine disorder, fecal disorder, enema disorder, incest, telephone obscene language disorder, obscene book and picture disorder.
Fourth, the etiology and pathogenesis of psychosexual disorders.
Possible relevant factors are the following.
(1) genetic factors: the occurrence of psychosexual disorders is related to certain personality defects, but the lack of specific and consistent personality among the types, such as exhibitionism is most often seen in people with inhibitory characteristics of introverted personality. The data from the bipolar survey supports the occurrence of homosexuality based on genetic qualities; the discovery of familial cases of transsexualism also suggests that its occurrence is related to genetic factors.
(2) Somatic factors: The occurrence and development of psychosexual disorder is related to the stage of human gonadal activity, which generally starts to be obvious in adolescence, and the behavior of psychosexual disorder tends to moderate with age until menopause. Studies on the relationship between the hormonal influence of the fetus and psychosexual development have found that the presence of androgens in the fetus causes the type of sexual behavior to be male after birth, while the lack of androgens before birth causes homosexual behavior to occur. hirschfield believes that gonadal endocrine imbalance is the cause of homosexuality.
(3) Environmental factors: The influence of family plays an important role in the occurrence of psychosexual disorder. Childhood is an important stage of psychosexual development, and the influence of family and surrounding environment often invites serious consequences, and also has some connection with socio-economic status and literacy.
(4) Pathological psychological nature of psychosexual disorders: Freud believes that perverted sexual activities are the reproduction and continuation of their early childhood sexual experiences. Therefore, in adults who show strong childlike sexual activity is the pathological psychological nature of sexual disorders. Shyness, timidness and lack of ability to resolve psychological dilemmas and resilience, and traumatic psychological triggers are all conditions for the onset of the disorder.
At present, there are several representative psychological explanations for psychosexual disorders, as follows.
1. Psychodynamic theory. This theory views psychosexual disorders as the result of failed heterosexual development during normal development, generally mostly in males, originating from the threat of castration anxiety and separation anxiety during early childhood Oedipal episodes, and continuing to function unconsciously, subject to current environmental triggers that lead to difficulties and frustrations in resolving display gender issues, and to relieve the onslaught of anxiety and psychological impulses and to obtain psychological peace. Under the action of psychological defense mechanism, it leads to the regression of sexual psychology to the early childish stage of development, so that the development of heterosexuality is frustrated and cannot achieve the development of sexual reproductive function in a mature way, so the sexual impulse is fixed in an immature state and produces a sexual psychological disorder.
2. Behaviorist school theory. This theory view that psychosexual disorders are acquired behavior patterns.
3.Integration theory model this theory. It advocates the partial integration of different theories to explain psychosexual disorders, and believes that the cognition, beliefs, attitudes and behavioral patterns about sex have an important role in the development of psychosexual disorders.
Five, the clinical manifestations of psychosexual disorders.
1, homosexuality: refers to the same sex as the object of sexual love in the case of heterosexual objects can be found, the opposite sex to express rejection or cold. Both men and women can occur. A part of homosexuals can gradually turn to heterosexuality as they grow older.
2. exhibitionism: the unexpected exposure of genitalia in front of strange women to obtain sexual satisfaction, with or without masturbation, but without the requirement of further sexual activity. All are male.
3, voyeurism: in the dark to spy on the naked body of the opposite body or sexual activity, in order to obtain sexual satisfaction, accompanied by masturbation on the spot or afterwards when recalling the sight of voyeurism masturbation. It often begins before the age of 15 and is diagnosed in adulthood. All are male.
4, easy sex disorder: refers to the psychological identification of their own gender and the anatomical and physiological gender characteristics of the opposite, the persistence of a strong desire to change their physical gender characteristics in order to achieve the conversion of gender, their sexual tendencies for pure homosexuality.
5, fetishism: refers to the acquisition of intimate clothing of the opposite sex, rather than the opposite sex itself, to obtain sexual satisfaction. Sometimes resort to stealing to obtain these things. Almost only seen in men.
6, cross-dressing disorder: with normal heterosexual men repeatedly appear strong desire to wear female adornment, by wearing female adornment can cause sexual excitement or sexual satisfaction.
7, sadism and masochism: sadism refers to giving mental and physical torture to the opposite sex to achieve sexual satisfaction. Masochism is to suffer this torture as satisfaction. Sometimes these two conditions can occur in the same person.
8, other: zoophilia, necrophilia, pedophilia, frictional lust and self-abuse, etc.
Six, the course of psychosexual disorders and prognosis.
Once formed, it is not easy to completely correct. But to menopause after the possibility of gradually moderate.
Seven, the treatment of psychosexual disorder.
At present, there is a lack of fundamental preventive and curative measures to psychiatric treatment, commonly used methods such as comprehension, guidance and other psychotherapy, aversion therapy. Some people simultaneously use aversion therapy and implicit sensitization method of treatment, and encourage their normal heterosexual behavior, and achieve better results. With the patient’s active cooperation, behavioral therapy can change the patient’s deviant sexual behavior. Medication only plays a symptomatic or adjunctive psychotherapeutic role. Electroconvulsive and psychosurgical treatments have little success.