The natural progression of hemangioma: proliferative phase, stable phase and receding phase. Most of the hemangiomas that do not affect growth and development, organ function and are not life-threatening can heal on their own. According to the literature, more than 50% of untreated hemangiomas completely regress by age 5 and 90% by age 9. With such a good regression effect, there is no need to add to the list of other so-called “treatments” and we need to minimize the side effects of various treatments on the child. So, in a way, proper observation is the best treatment. So, how do we observe? First of all, we need to know the approximate time point of growth change of hemangioma: it often appears 1-2 weeks after birth, enters a rapid proliferation period 1-2 months after birth, stops growing 6-12 months after birth, and enters a slow self-receding period in the following 1-5 years. The longest regression can last until 12 years old. If you know your enemy, you will never lose your battle! We need to observe whether these hemangiomas conform to their developmental pattern during these specific time periods; take pictures and file them for comparison and observation of their changes. If there is no abnormality, just let it be. If there is any abnormality, we can use various methods to intervene in time. Drug treatment Drug treatment is divided into oral drugs and topical drugs. 1, oral drugs are mainly divided into two categories: glucocorticoids and propranolol. (1) Glucocorticoids are mainly used for large facial areas, systemic multiple hemangiomas, and proliferative hemangiomas with other complications. It is worth mentioning that the side effects of hormone therapy should be detected promptly and the dose calculation is quite important. These drugs may shock the endocrine system of the child and should be discontinued when the hemangioma is observed to be in remission. (2) Propranolol is mainly used for severe hemangiomas and may be useful for both proliferating and regressing hemangiomas. However, propranolol may induce complications such as hypotension, bradycardia and hypoglycemia in children, so side effects should be closely monitored when receiving such drugs, and caution should be exercised especially in younger children under 3 months of age and premature babies. 2. Topical drugs mainly refer to imiquimod. It is mainly used for small and medium-sized hemangiomas in hidden parts of the body, and it is prohibited for hemangiomas that are broken or infected. Injection therapy Injection therapy refers to the injection of drugs directly into the hemangioma, and the drugs usually chosen are glucocorticoids, pinyamycin or interferon preparations. In order to reduce the impact of oral glucocorticoids on the systemic system of the child, the method of injecting glucocorticoid injections into the body of the hemangioma is now used clinically. This method allows the drug to be administered directly into the target tissues with high drug therapy efficiency; the downside is that the injection can cause a transient discomfort experience. Pingyangmycin is a class of antitumor drugs with mild side effects and basically no damage to hematopoietic and immune functions, and is suitable for limited strawberry hemangioma, mixed hemangioma and cavernous hemangioma. It may be accompanied by pain, sclerosis and necrosis after injection, and can be used as a component or supplement during comprehensive treatment of hemangioma. Currently, the main indications for interferon treatment of hemangiomas are considered to be severe infantile hemangiomas that are life-threatening due to occupancy and invasion of major organs or channels, growth in the extremities with risk of amputation, and ineffective treatment with the corticosteroid system. Subcutaneous injections are usually chosen. Laser treatment The principle of laser treatment is to use the selective photothermal effect produced by laser irradiation of target tissues to destroy the endothelial cells of hemangioma so as to achieve the purpose of closing the focal blood vessels. This method can eliminate the deformed vascular network without damaging the normal skin on the surface, and can selectively eliminate the abnormal color of the tumor site without leaving obvious scars. It is a good choice for superficial skin lesions, especially for lesions that are not sensitive to radioisotopes or hormone treatment, such as certain erythema nodosum. IV. Other treatment methods There are also some treatment methods, such as cryotherapy, radionuclide therapy, interventional therapy, surgery, etc. For some vascular lesions, interventional treatment can achieve permanent cure, such as arteriovenous malformation. Surgical treatment of hemangioma is suitable for cases with limited lesions, or those where the above-mentioned methods of treatment are ineffective, or cases of scarring, atrophy and superfluous soft tissues left behind after remission. Cryotherapy and radionuclide treatment are not used because of the non-selective damage to the tissue and the high risk of forming permanent scars. To summarize, the treatment of hemangioma is summarized in three words: correct diagnosis, timely intervention, and appropriate treatment. We hope that the public will understand the basics of hemangioma and avoid over-treatment of hemangioma. The condition of hemangioma is often complicated, and there are many different treatment methods. As for how to control the treatment process, it is better to leave it to professional doctors to decide!