Pulmonary hilar lymph node enlargement is a pathological change in the lung detected by imaging, mostly seen with varying degrees of congestion, edema, and exudation of inflammatory secretions at the hilum. It is common in pulmonary tuberculosis caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a special type of tuberculosis, the primary syndrome. This condition can be treated with a combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs, and most can be cured. Also seen are immune system disorders of the lung, such as nodular disease, which are treated mainly with glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressive drugs. Also seen are malignant, space-occupying lesions at the lung hilum, such as lung cancer, which should be surgically removed early and treated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted drugs.