Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common cancer in China, and the opportunity for surgery is lost because it is mostly advanced at the time of diagnosis. Among many treatment modalities, transhepatic arterial chemoembolization has become the treatment of choice for hepatocellular carcinoma other than surgery. The full name of transhepatic arterial chemoembolization is Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization, for which TACE is an abbreviation. It is now customary to refer to this treatment as interventional therapy. In fact, interventional therapy includes both perfusion chemotherapy and embolization. （The basic method of hepatic artery cannulation chemotherapy is to selectively cannulate the catheter into the hepatic artery, and then further super-selectively cannulate into the tumor blood supply artery and infuse the appropriate amount of chemotherapeutic drugs. This can improve the local drug concentration of tumor tissues and prolong the contact time between drugs and tumor tissues, and reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapy drugs, so as to improve the efficacy and reduce side effects. The efficacy of chemotherapy drugs is positively correlated with the effective blood concentration of drugs in the tumor site and the contact time of drugs with tumor. The blood supply of normal hepatocytes is 20%-25% from hepatic artery and 75%-80% from portal vein. In primary hepatocellular carcinoma, 90%-95% of blood supply comes from hepatic artery, which provides an anatomical basis for selective transhepatic arterial perfusion for hepatocellular carcinoma. There are three types of perfusion methods in clinical practice: (1) One-time percussive perfusion: It refers to the method of injecting drugs into the target artery within a short period of time, and then withdrawing the tube to end the treatment. It is characterized by rapid operation, few complications and simple care, and is suitable for sites where catheter retention is difficult. (2) Arterial block chemotherapy: It is a method of inserting a blocking balloon catheter into the target artery, then causing the balloon to expand to block the arterial blood flow and then perfusing the chemotherapy drug. The purpose is to further increase the drug concentration and prolong the drug arrest time. (3) Long-term drug infusion via drug cartridge: This method has a long catheter retention time and the infusion can be continuous for several times. The chemotherapeutic drug infusion is mainly given intermittently through the subcutaneous implantation of the drug cartridge system. Nowadays, this method is mostly applied to the treatment of metastatic hepatic cancer. Hepatic artery embolization treatment injects some solid or liquid embolic material selectively into tumor blood vessels and tumor blood supply arteries through catheter to block tumor blood supply and fill up tumor blood vessel bed to inhibit tumor growth. For tumors that cannot be removed surgically, this therapy can shrink the tumor and reduce the pain and other complications to achieve the purpose of delaying life and improving the quality of survival. Types of embolic agents: (1) Iodine oil: It is injected via artery and deposited in tumor tissues. Because of the lack of kuffer cells in tumor tissues, iodine oil is not cleared or contoured and iodine oil can stay for a long time, while the small amount of iodine oil in normal liver tissues will be cleared quickly by the phagocytosis of kuffer cells in the liver in the short term. Iodine oil is mixed with anti-cancer chemotherapy drugs to make emulsion or suspension, which can be used as anti-cancer drug carrier, so that the drug can stay in the tumor for a long time with high concentration and release slowly, increasing the anti-cancer effect of the drug. (2) Other embolic materials, including gelatin sponge, PVA particles, microspheres or drug-carrying microspheres, etc., can enhance the embolic effect. Even if some patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, complicated by hepatic artery-portal fistula, are in serious condition, they can still be effectively controlled by interventional methods, which can improve patients’ quality of life and long-term outcome. The treatment for mid- to late-stage hepatocellular carcinoma is not straightforward, and many patients need to undergo a series of preoperative examinations and liver function evaluation, including imaging evaluation as well. Clinical work requires patients and family members to cooperate with doctors to receive multiple embolization treatments to achieve certain results. To summarize, there are many advantages of hepatocellular carcinoma interventional therapy: 1. Exact efficacy After treatment, the mass shrinks, pain is reduced, and some patients with elevated AFP are seen to decrease significantly or even turn to normal. 2. Scientific and reasonable: the local drug concentration of interventional therapy is tens of times higher than that of systemic chemotherapy, and it can block the blood supply of tumor, so the two-pronged treatment is effective and less toxic than systemic chemotherapy. 3.It can be repeatedly treated for many times, and the diagnostic imaging is clear and easy to compare. 4.It can be combined with other treatment methods, such as surgical resection (including prophylactic TACE after hepatectomy, embolization before surgical resection in order to reduce tumor volume and bleeding) and Chinese medicine treatment.