Interferon has both antiviral and immunomodulatory effects, increasing the rate of hepatitis B virus e-antigen and surface antigen conversion with a low relapse rate after discontinuation. In order to maximize the benefits of interferon therapy, it is important to select advantageous patients. 1.What factors are the criteria for choosing interferon? Age, gender, disease duration, route of infection, ALT level, HBV DNA and HBsAg level and other factors. 2.How to monitor the effect of interferon therapy? During the treatment process, the monitoring of adverse reactions and efficacy indicators should be carried out. The monitoring of adverse reactions is the main focus in the early stage of treatment, and the monitoring of efficacy indicators should be combined with the monitoring after 1 month of treatment. Efficacy monitoring indicators should include ALT, HBV DNA, HBeAg or HBsAg quantitative or semi-quantitative detection, should pay attention to the dynamic changes of these indicators. 3.What if interferon therapy is not effective? Different patients have different patterns of virological response. Early response can occur within 3 months after treatment, and delayed response can occur 6 months or even more than 6 months after treatment. For patients who do not have an early virologic response, they should be observed more closely during the course of treatment, paying attention to the dynamic changes in HBV DNA and the possibility of delayed response. For patients whose HBV DNA decreases during treatment and then rises again for more than 1 lg when treatment is continued, a timely review should be conducted to rule out the possibility that detection errors may indicate treatment failure, and then consider whether to change the treatment regimen. The results of the current clinical research show that interferon treatment for 6 months, the patient’s HBV DNA did not decline, and HBsAg, HBeAg also did not decline, continue to use interferon therapy alone is very poor, can be added to lamivudine, entecavir, adefovir, or tenofovir combined treatment, or discontinue the use of interferon, switching to nucleoside (acid) analogues entecavir or tenofovir treatment.