At present, the treatment of mental illness is still based on drug therapy, and the continuous emergence of a variety of anti-psychotic drugs has played an important role in controlling and improving the symptoms of most patients. However, with the progress of the disease, patients taking long-term medication side effects and drug resistance and other problems gradually revealed, or even ineffective; what’s more, some patients simply can’t take their medication as required. As a result, patients with mental illness are always in the process of symptom onset, treatment improvement and relapse, and showing a tendency to aggravate, the patient’s family can do nothing about it. Nowadays, the technology of “Brain Stereotactic Surgery” for the treatment of mental diseases is advancing by leaps and bounds. It has the advantages of small trauma, high precision, and obvious symptom control, etc., and has been widely used in the field of functional neurology. The mechanism of treating intractable mental illnesses is to block the abnormal signaling of the nervous system and the overexpression of neurotransmitters, thus eliminating persistent mental symptoms. Many people will ask, what is the difference between surgery and medication? The principle of drug treatment for mental illness is that the drug is absorbed into the nerve cells in the brain and binds to the central neurotransmitter receptors, exerting its therapeutic effect by blocking the over-expression of neurotransmitters. This blocking process takes time, usually 2-8 weeks to take effect. Antipsychotics also bind to peripheral receptors, which can cause serious side effects. Maintaining this course of treatment requires continuous oral medication, and once the medication is discontinued, the efficacy of the medication is lost; increasing the dosage of the medication also increases the peripheral side effects of the medication. Drug therapy, so that the efficacy and side effects coexist, which is often difficult for patients to tolerate, such as obesity, liver and kidney function impairment. Brain stereotactic surgery, i.e., neuromodulation technology, utilizes a minimally invasive approach to directly block abnormal nerve signaling and down-regulate certain abnormally hyperactive neurotransmitter functions, so that post-operative efficacy will be more pronounced than that of simply using drugs. When it comes to brain surgery, people tend to “talk about it”. In fact, this fear comes from a lack of understanding and stereotypes. Neuromodulation surgery is a minimally invasive procedure with “precision navigation”. Through the use of computerized surgical planning system, the CT/MRI/DTI data of the patient’s head is reconstructed in three dimensions, and the nerve targets are precisely positioned, with a theoretical error of ±0.01 mm. This targeted positioning guarantees the safety and efficacy of the surgery. Although patients still need to take medication to consolidate the efficacy of the treatment after surgery, the types of medication and the amount of medication used are significantly reduced because the sensitivity of the brain to medication is dramatically increased after surgery. Although surgery is effective in treating refractory mental illness, it is not appropriate for all patients. Minimally invasive surgical treatment is considered an option only if the patient is 18 years of age or older; the disease has lasted more than 3 years; and has been treated with more than 3 medications with unsatisfactory results. The procedure has a wide range of indications and can be used for patients with a variety of refractory mental disorders, but requires a thorough evaluation by a clinical expert.