Hematologic disorders can cause thrombocytopenia, such as acute leukemia, idiopathic purpura, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplasia.
Aplastic anemia causes lesions in hematopoietic stem cells that result in decreased platelet production. Damage to bone marrow such as metastatic carcinoma, myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma, and myelofibrosis can destroy hematopoietic stem cells and lead to decreased platelet production.
Megaloblastic anemia and iron deficiency anemia have an increase in megakaryocytes, which leads to a decrease in platelet renewal and causes thrombocytopenia.
Patients with idiopathic purpura have increased numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, and hemoglobin, where antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals reduce platelet aggregation in the blood.
Megakaryocytes in patients with sepsis stop dividing, leading to decreased platelet production, and in addition bacteria and toxins can damage platelets, leading to thrombocytopenia.
Circulating immune complexes from patients with hepatitis B and cirrhosis deposit on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells and platelets, causing platelet lysis and decreased platelet production.
Hypersplenism can cause a large number of platelets to be retained in the spleen, leading to platelet destruction, as well as gastrointestinal bleeding, which can lead to increased platelet consumption.