Dietary treatment of liver cirrhosis
1. Reasonable application of protein: The liver is the site of protein synthesis, with 11 to 14 grams of albumin synthesized by the liver every day. When cirrhosis of the liver, the liver can not synthesize protein well. It is then necessary to arrange protein intake rationally to prevent the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy. Protein foods from a variety of sources can be chosen. In order to make the patient better adapted, you can eat a diet based on casein, mix cheese into the right amount of chicken, fish, lean meat and eggs, and have a little bit every day to balance the protein diet.
2, provide the right amount of fat: some patients suffering from cirrhosis, afraid to eat fat, in fact, fat should not be restricted too strictly. Because of the pancreatic insufficiency in cirrhosis, bile salt secretion is reduced, the lymphatic ducts or liver portal congestion and other reasons nearly half of the patients with cirrhosis have steatorrhea and malabsorption of fat. When the above symptoms appear, the amount of fat should be controlled. However, if the patient does not have the above symptoms when and can adapt to the fat in food, fat is not easily restricted too tightly in order to increase calories. In case of biliary cirrhosis, adopt low-fat and low-cholesterol diet.
3. Supply sufficient carbohydrates: Adequate carbohydrates can make sufficient storage of liver glycogen in the body to prevent toxins from damaging liver cells. 350 grams to 450 grams of starchy food can be eaten daily.
4. Limit dietary water and sodium: When patients with edema or mild ascites should be given a low-salt diet, the daily intake of salt should not exceed 3 grams; when severe edema is appropriate to use a salt-free diet, sodium should be limited to about 500 mg. For example, do not use alkali when steaming steamed buns, but use fresh yeast to make the noodles instead, or eat salt-free bread. Hanging noodles contain more sodium and should not be eaten. Secondly, a variety of pickles and sauces sodium content is also very much, patients with cirrhosis should be absolutely limited. Meanwhile, MSG in condiments is dominated by monosodium glutamate, which will increase the burden on the liver’s metabolism of water and sodium. Now, the market is convenient for all kinds of customers, but also supply a variety of low-sodium salt, low-sodium soy sauce and salt-free soy sauce. When cooking dishes, pay special attention to the cooking method, otherwise it will aggravate the sodium intake, for example, some people are used to soak fish and meat with salt or soy sauce first, and then wash off the saltiness of the surface with water, although it is not salty to eat, but too much sodium ion is far too much. When making various dishes, do not put salt or soy sauce first, and put salt or soy sauce last when frying the dish, or put vinegar, soy sauce and salt to eat after frying. This has both taste and limits the intake of sodium and salt. Other foods with high sodium content, such as seafood, ham, puffed eggs and meat pine, should also be strictly controlled. Daily water intake should be limited to 1000 ml ~ 1500 ml.
5, eat more food rich in zinc and magnesium: patients with cirrhosis generally have low blood zinc levels, increased urinary zinc excretion, zinc content in liver cells is also reduced, when drinking alcohol, blood zinc will continue to decrease, alcohol should be strictly prohibited, appropriate consumption of lean pork, beef, eggs, fish and other foods that contain more zinc. In order to prevent the lack of magnesium ions, such as more green leafy vegetables, peas, dairy products and cereals and other foods.
6, supplemental vitamin C: vitamin C is directly involved in liver metabolism, promote liver glycogen formation. Increase the concentration of vitamin C in the body, can protect the resistance of liver cells and promote the regeneration of liver cells. The concentration of vitamin C in ascites is equal to the content in blood, so a large amount of vitamin C should be supplemented in ascites. peel or juice fruit to drink.
7, diet should be light, soft, easy to digest, no stimulation, a small number of meals: patients with cirrhosis often have a loss of appetite, should be given easy to digest and absorb food, a small number of meals, to eat soft and non-stimulating food, fine work, avoid hard and rough food, such as fried food, hard fruit food. When combined with esophageal varices, we should pay more attention to forbid the consumption of fried foods and hard and dried fruits, because these foods can puncture the esophageal veins and cause upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can be life-threatening. Patients with cirrhosis should not lose their precious lives to satisfy the pain and psychological needs of the momentary taste.
The dietary treatment of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis
1, acute attacks of biliary colic should be fasted, can be supplemented by intravenous nutrition.
2.After chronic or acute attacks are relieved, a light liquid diet or low-fat, low-cholesterol, high-carbohydrate diet can be eaten. The daily fat intake should be limited to 45 grams, mainly animal fat, and can be supplemented with moderate amount of vegetable oil (with choleretic effect). Cholesterol should be limited to less than 300 mg per day. Carbohydrates should be ensured from 300 to 30 grams per day. Protein should be moderate, too much can stimulate bile secretion, too little is not conducive to tissue repair.
3.Provide rich vitamins, especially vitamin A, vitamin C and B vitamins, as well as vitamin E.
4, the right amount of dietary fiber, can stimulate intestinal peristalsis, to prevent the onset of cholecystitis.
5, a large number of drinks into the favorable bile dilution, can drink 1500 to 2000 ml per day.
6, a small number of meals, can repeatedly stimulate the gallbladder contraction, promote bile drainage, to achieve the purpose of drainage.
7, avoid using stimulating food and alcohol.
8, reasonable cooking, it is appropriate to use cooking, soft-boiling, brining, steaming, Yu, braising, stewing, stewing and other cooking methods, avoid using stir-frying, frying, pan-frying, etc. High-temperature fats, containing acrolein and other cleavage products, can stimulate the bile duct, causing acute attacks of biliary spasm.
9, the appropriate temperature of food, too cold and too hot food, are not conducive to bile discharge.
Dietary treatment of fatty liver
1.Control the calorie intake in order to consume the fat oxidation in the liver cells. Obese people should gradually lose weight so that the weight is reduced to the standard weight range. In terms of standard weight, 84 to 105 kJ (20 to 25 kcal) of caloric energy can be given per kg of body weight. Standard weight (kg) = length (cm) – 105 (or 100), male 165 cm or more minus 105, while female and male 165 cm or less minus 100.
1, limit fat and carbohydrate intake, according to the standard weight per kilogram of body weight can be given 0.5 to 0.8 grams of fat per day, it is appropriate to use vegetable oils or foods containing long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, such as fish; carbohydrates can be given 2 to 4 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, the intake of edible sugar should not be too much.
2, high protein diet, can give 1.2 to 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, high protein can protect liver cells, and can promote the repair and regeneration of liver cells. Protein supply, high-quality protein should take up an appropriate proportion, such as tofu, bean curd and other soy products, lean meat, fish, shrimp, skim milk, etc.
3, to ensure the supply of fresh vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables, to meet the body’s need for vitamins. However, do not eat too many vegetables and fruits containing sugar.
4.Limit salt, 6 grams per day is appropriate.
5, the right amount of water to promote the body’s metabolism and excretion of metabolic waste.
6, foods rich in methyl sulfur amino acids, such as millet, oat noodles, sesame, rape, spinach, cauliflower, beet, sea rice, dried scallops, tamari and other foods can promote the synthesis of phospholipids in the body, to assist in the transformation of fat in liver cells.
7. Avoid spicy and stimulating foods, such as onion, garlic, ginger, chili, pepper, curry and alcohol, etc.: Use less meat soup, chicken soup, fish soup and other foods with high nitrogen leachate.
Protein and tumor
Foreign scholars found that the intake of animal protein and total dietary protein is positively correlated with breast cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer and endometrial cancer. It is believed that beef and pork increase the risk of breast cancer. Different ethnic surveys have also associated animal protein intake with breast, uterine and prostate cancers.
It is not possible to eat purified protein in the usual diet, and people consume animal protein along with other components such as fat, which may lead to the development of cancer. We still advocate supplying the right amount of protein, and the right ratio of fat to protein is good.
Food choices for viral hepatitis
1. High-quality protein foods such as fish, lean meat, eggs, milk and soy products should be ensured as a priority. The main food should be guaranteed.
2, increase the intake of fresh vegetables and fruits.
3.Strictly prohibit the consumption of alcohol.
4.Be careful with spicy and other stimulating foods.
Example of one day recipe for viral hepatitis Breakfast: rice porridge (rice 50g), rolls (flour 50g), boiled tea egg (egg 50g), mixed cucumber (cucumber 100g) Extra meal: apple 100g Lunch: rice (rice 150g), fried liver tip bamboo shoot slices (pork liver 100g, lettuce 100g), cucumber soup (cucumber 50g, lean pork 10g, cilantro 30g), Extra meal. Banana 100g dinner: millet porridge (millet 50g), lasagna (flour 100g), shredded meat fried celery (lean pork 50g, celery 50g), five spice tofu rolls (dried tofu 50g, cabbage 50g) cooking oil 20g for the whole day full day calorie 9450 kJ (2250 kcal) or so.
Dietary treatment of viral hepatitis
1, to ensure adequate supply of calories, generally 8400 ~ 10500 kJ (2000 ~ 2500 kcal) per day is more appropriate. The high-calorie therapy for hepatitis advocated in the past is undesirable, because although high calories can improve clinical symptoms, but ultimately can lead to fatty liver, but will worsen the condition, so the disadvantages outweigh the benefits.
2, carbohydrates, generally can account for 60 to 70% of the total calories. The high sugar diet adopted in the past should also be corrected, because high sugar diet, especially excessive glucose, fructose, sucrose will affect the patient’s appetite, aggravate gastrointestinal flatulence, increase fat storage in the body, and easily lead to obesity and fatty liver. Carbohydrate supply should be mainly through the main food.
3.In order to promote the repair and regeneration of liver cells, protein supply should be increased, generally accounting for 15% of the total caloric energy, especially to ensure a certain amount of high-quality protein, such as animal protein, soy products and other supplies.
4, fat intake generally can not be restricted, because hepatitis patients have anorexia and loss of appetite and other symptoms, usually, there will not be excessive fat intake problems.
5, to ensure the supply of vitamins. Vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nikonic acid and other B vitamins, as well as vitamin C, have an important role in improving the symptoms. In addition to choosing foods rich in these vitamins, you can also take oral multivitamin preparations.
6. Supply sufficient fluids. Drink more juice, rice soup, honey water, watermelon juice, etc., which can accelerate the excretion of toxic substances and ensure the normal metabolic function of the liver.
7, pay attention to cooking methods to enhance the color, aroma, taste and shape of food to promote appetite. Avoid frying, deep-frying and other strongly irritating foods, and limit broth, chicken soup and other foods containing high nitrogen leachate, in order to reduce the burden on the liver.
8.Adopt a small number of meals.